root/applications/pmsm/simulator_zdenek/ekf_example/ekf_obj.cpp

#include <estim/kalman.h>
#include "ekf_obj.h"
//#include "../simulator.h"

double minQ(double Q){if (Q>1.0){ return 1.0;} else {return Q;};};

void mat_to_int16(const imat &M, int16 *I){
        for (int16 i=0;i<M.rows(); i++){
                for (int16 j=0;j<M.cols(); j++){
                        *I++ = M(i,j);
                }
        }
}
void int16_to_mat(int16 *I, imat &M, int rows, int cols){
        M.set_size(rows,cols);
        for (int16 i=0;i<M.rows(); i++){
                for (int16 j=0;j<M.cols(); j++){
                         M(i,j) = *I++;
                }
        }
}
void int16_to_vec(int16 *I, ivec &v, int len){
        v.set_size(len);
        for (int16 i=0;i<v.length(); i++){
                        v(i) = *I++;
        }
}
void vec_to_int16(const ivec &v, int16 *I){
        for (int16 i=0;i<v.length(); i++){
                        *I++ = v(i);
        }
}

#ifdef XXX
///////////////
void EKFfixed::bayes(const vec &yt, const vec &ut){
        ekf(yt(0),yt(1),ut(0),ut(1));
        
        vec xhat(4);    
        //UGLY HACK!!! reliance on a predictor!!
        xhat(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],Qm)*Iref;
        xhat(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],Qm)*Iref;
        xhat(2)=zprevod(x_est[2],Qm)*Wref;
        xhat(3)=zprevod(x_est[3],15)*Thetaref;
        
        E.set_mu(xhat);
        
        if ( BM::evalll ) {
/*              //from enorm
                vec xdif(x,4);//first 4 of x
                //UGLY HACK!!! reliance on a predictor!!
/*              xdif(0)=x[0]-zprevod(x_pred[0],Qm)*Iref;
                xdif(1)=x[1]-zprevod(x_pred[1],Qm)*Iref;
                xdif(2)=x[2]-zprevod(x_pred[2],Qm)*Wref;
                xdif(3)=x[3]-zprevod(x_pred[3],15);*/
                
//              xdif -=xhat; //(xdif=x-xhat)
                
                mat Pfull(4,4);
                double* Pp=Pfull._data();
                for(int16 i=0;i<16;i++){*(Pp++) = zprevod(P_est[i],15);}
                
                E._R()._M()=Pfull;
                
                
//              BM::ll = -0.5* ( 4 * 1.83787706640935 +log ( det ( Pfull ) ) +xdif* ( inv(Pfull)*xdif ) );*/
        }
};


void EKFfixed::update_psi(void)
{
  int16 t_sin,t_cos,tmp;

  // implementace v PC
  t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
  t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);

  PSI[2]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
  tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[2])>>15;
  PSI[3]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
  PSI[6]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
  PSI[7]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
}


void EKFfixed::prediction(int16 *ux)
{
  int16 t_sin,t_cos, tmp;

  // implementace v PC
  //t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
  //t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);

  t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/Qm),15);
  t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/Qm),15);
  
  tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[2])>>15;
  x_pred[0]=((int32)cA*x_est[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*ux[0])>>15;
  x_pred[1]=((int32)cA*x_est[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*ux[1])>>15;
  x_pred[2]=x_est[2];
  x_pred[3]=(((int32)x_est[3]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[2])>>15;

  update_psi();

  mmult(PSI,P_est,temp15a,3,3,3);
//  mtrans(PSI,temp15b,5,5);
  mmultt(temp15a,PSI,P_pred,3,3,3);
  maddD(P_pred,Q,3,3);
}

void EKFfixed::correction(void)
{
  int16 Y_error[2];
  int32 temp30a[4]; /* matrix [2,2] - temporary matrix for inversion */

  choice_P(P_pred,temp15a,3);
  maddD(temp15a,R,1,1);
  minv2(temp15a,temp30a);
        Ry(0,0)=zprevod(temp15a[0],15);
        Ry(0,1)=zprevod(temp15a[1],15);
        Ry(1,0)=zprevod(temp15a[2],15);
        Ry(1,1)=zprevod(temp15a[3],15);
  
  mmultDr(P_pred,temp15a,3,3,1,1);
  mmult1530(temp15a,temp30a,Kalm,3,1,1);


  /* estimate the state system */
  choice_x(x_pred, temp15a);
  msub(Y_mes,temp15a,Y_error,1,0);
  mmult(Kalm,Y_error,temp15a,3,1,0);
  madd(x_pred,temp15a,x_est,3,0);

  /* matrix of covariances - version without MMULTDL() */

/* Version with MMULTDL() */
  mmultDl(P_pred,temp15a,1,3,3,1);

  mmult(Kalm,temp15a,P_est,3,1,3);
  msub(P_pred,P_est,P_est,3,3);
/* END */
}


void EKFfixed::ekf(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
  // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
  ukalm[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,Qm);
  ukalm[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,Qm);

  // zadani mereni
  Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,Qm);
  Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,Qm);

  ////// vlastni rutina EKF /////////////////////////
  prediction(ukalm);
  correction();

  // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
  vec& mu = E._mu();
  (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],Qm)*Iref;
  (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],Qm)*Iref;
  (mu)(2)=zprevod(x_est[2],Qm)*Wref;
  (mu)(3)=zprevod(x_est[3],15)*Thetaref;
}

void EKFfixed::init_ekf(double Tv)
{
  // Tuning of matrix Q
  Q[0]=prevod(.05,15);       // 0.05
  Q[5]=Q[0];
  Q[10]=prevod(0.0002,15);      // 1e-3
  Q[15]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3

  // Tuning of matrix R
  R[0]=prevod(0.1,15);         // 0.05
  R[3]=R[0];

  // Motor model parameters 
  cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
  cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
  cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
//  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
//  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
//  cF=prevod(p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
  cG=prevod(Tv*Wref*4/Thetaref,15);
//  cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
  cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,17); //cB in q
  //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);

  /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
  PSI[0]=cA;
  PSI[5]=PSI[0];
  PSI[10]=0x7FFF;
  PSI[14]=cG;
  PSI[15]=0x7FFF;
  
  P_est[0]=0x7FFF;
  P_est[5]=0x7FFF;
  P_est[10]=0x7FFF;
  P_est[15]=0x7FFF;
}
#endif

void EKF_UDfix::set_parameters ( const shared_ptr<diffbifn> &pfxu0, const shared_ptr<diffbifn> &phxu0, const mat Q0, const vec R0 ) {
        pfxu = pfxu0;
        phxu = phxu0;
        
        set_dim ( pfxu0->_dimx() );
        dimy = phxu0->dimension();
        dimc = pfxu0->_dimu();
        
        vec &_mu = est._mu();
        // if mu is not set, set it to zeros, just for constant terms of A and C
        if ( _mu.length() != dimension() ) _mu = zeros ( dimension() );
        A = zeros ( dimension(), dimension() );
        C = zeros ( dimy, dimension() );
        
        //initialize matrices A C, later, these will be only updated!
        pfxu->dfdx_cond ( _mu, zeros ( dimc ), A, true );
        //      pfxu->dfdu_cond ( *_mu,zeros ( dimu ),B,true );
        phxu->dfdx_cond ( _mu, zeros ( dimc ), C, true );
        //      phxu->dfdu_cond ( *_mu,zeros ( dimu ),D,true );
        
        R = R0;
        Q = Q0;
        
        // 
}
// aux fnc 
void UDtof(const mat &U, const vec &D, imat &Uf, ivec &Df, const vec &xref){
        mat P= U*diag(D)*U.T();
        mat T = diag(1.0/(xref));
        mat Pf = T*P*T;
        
        ldmat Pld(Pf);
        
        mat Ut=Pld._L().T()*(1<<15); // U is in q15 -- diagonal is 0!!!
        Uf=round_i(Ut);
        Df=round_i(Pld._D()*(1<<15));
        ivec zer=find(Df==0);
        for(int16 i=0; i<zer.length(); i++) Df(zer(i))=1;
}


void EKF_UDfix::bayes ( const vec &yt, const vec &cond ) {
        //preparatory
        vec &_mu=est._mu();
        const vec &u=cond;
        int16 dim = dimension();
        ///// !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
        U = est._R()._L().T();
        D =  est._R()._D();
        
        ////////////
        
        pfxu->dfdx_cond ( _mu, u, A, false ); //update A by a derivative of fx
        phxu->dfdx_cond ( _mu, u, C, false ); //update A by a derivative of fx
        
        mat PhiU = A*U;

        //////
/*      vec xref(4);
        xref(0)= 30.0*1.4142;
        xref(1)= 30.0*1.4142;
        xref(2)= 6.283185*200.;
        xref(3) = 3.141593;*/
        //xref(4) = 34.0;
        
        
        vec Din = D;
        int16 i,j,k;
        double sigma;
        mat G = eye(dim);
        //////// thorton
        
        //move mean;
        _mu = pfxu->eval(_mu,u);
        
        for (i=dim-1; i>=0;i--){
                sigma = 0.0; 
                for (j=0; j<dim; j++) {
                        sigma += PhiU(i,j)*PhiU(i,j) *Din(j); 
                        sigma += G(i,j)*G(i,j) * Q(j,j);
                }
                
/*              double sigma2= 0.0;
                for (j=0; j<dim; j++) {
                        sigma2 += PhiU(i,j)*PhiU(i,j) *Din(j); 
                }
                sigma2 +=Q(i,i);//*G(i,i)=1.0
                for (j=i+1; j<dim; j++) {
                        sigma2 += G(i,j)*G(i,j) * Q(j,j);
                }*/
                D(i) = sigma; 
                
        /*      UDtof(U,D,Utf,Dtf,xref);
                cout << "d=sig"<<endl;
                cout << Dtf << endl;
        */      
                for (j=0;j<i;j++){ 
//                      cout << i << "," << j << endl;
                        sigma = 0.0; 
                        for (k=0;k<dim;k++){ 
                                sigma += PhiU(i,k)*Din(k)*PhiU(j,k); 
                        }
                        for (k=0;k<dim;k++){ 
                                sigma += G(i,k)*Q(k,k)*G(j,k); 
                        }
                        //
                        U(j,i) = sigma/D(i); 
                        
/*                      cout << "U=sig/D"<<endl;
                        UDtof(U,D,Utf,Dtf,xref);
                        cout << Utf << endl << Dtf << endl;
                        cout << G << endl << Din << endl<<endl;*/
                        
                        for (k=0;k<dim;k++){ 
                                PhiU(j,k) = PhiU(j,k) - U(j,i)*PhiU(i,k); 
                        }
                        for (k=0;k<dim;k++){ 
                                G(j,k) = G(j,k) - U(j,i)*G(i,k); 
                        }
                
                }
        }

        // bierman
        
        double dz,alpha,gamma,beta,lambda;
        vec a;
        vec b;
        vec yp = phxu->eval(_mu,u);
        vec xp=_mu; // used in bierman
        
        
        for (int16 iy=0; iy<dimy; iy++){
                a     = U.T()*C.get_row(iy);    // a is not modified, but 
                b     = elem_mult(D,a);                          // b is modified to become unscaled Kalman gain. 
                dz    = yt(iy) - yp(iy); 
                
                alpha = R(iy); 
                gamma = 1/alpha; 
                for (j=0;j<dim;j++){
                        beta   = alpha; 
                        alpha  = alpha + a(j)*b(j); 
                        lambda = -a(j)*gamma; 
                        gamma  = 1.0/alpha; 
                        D(j) = beta*gamma*D(j); 
                        
                        //                      cout << "a: " << alpha << "g: " << gamma << endl;
                        for (i=0;i<j;i++){
                                beta   = U(i,j); 
                                U(i,j) = beta + b(i)*lambda; 
                                b(i)   = b(i) + b(j)*beta; 
                        }
                }
                double dzs = gamma*dz;  // apply scaling to innovations 
                _mu   = _mu + dzs*b; // multiply by unscaled Kalman gain 
                //cout << "Ub: " << U << endl;
                //cout << "Db: " << D << endl <<endl;
                
        }

        
        /////
        est._R().__L()=U.T();
        est._R().__D()=D;
        
        if ( evalll == true ) { //likelihood of observation y
        }
}

void EKF_UDfix::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
        BM::from_setting ( set );
        shared_ptr<diffbifn> IM = UI::build<diffbifn> ( set, "IM", UI::compulsory );
        shared_ptr<diffbifn> OM = UI::build<diffbifn> ( set, "OM", UI::compulsory );
        
        //statistics
        int16 dim = IM->dimension();
        vec mu0;
        if ( !UI::get ( mu0, set, "mu0" ) )
                mu0 = zeros ( dim );
        
        mat P0;
        vec dP0;
        if ( UI::get ( dP0, set, "dP0" ) )
                P0 = diag ( dP0 );
        else if ( !UI::get ( P0, set, "P0" ) )
                P0 = eye ( dim );
        
        est._mu()=mu0;
        est._R()=ldmat(P0);
        
        //parameters
        vec dQ, dR;
        UI::get ( dQ, set, "dQ", UI::compulsory );
        UI::get ( dR, set, "dR", UI::compulsory );
        set_parameters ( IM, OM, diag ( dQ ), dR  );
        
        UI::get(log_level, set, "log_level", UI::optional);
}


void EKFfixedUD::bayes(const itpp::vec& yt, const itpp::vec& ut)
{
ekf(ut[0],ut[1],yt[0],yt[1]);
}


void EKFfixedUD::ekf(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
        // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
        int16 uf[2];
        uf[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,15);
        uf[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,15);
        
        int16 Y_mes[2];
        // zadani mereni
        Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,15);
        Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,15);
                
        ////// vlastni rutina EKF -- /////////////////////////
        int16 t_sin,t_cos;
        int32 tmp;
        
        // implementace v PC
/*      t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
        t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);*/
        tmp=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_sin =32767; else t_sin=tmp;
        tmp=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_cos =32767; else t_cos=tmp;
        
        tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[2])>>15; // q15*q13 -> q13
        //             q15*q13 +          q13*q15      + q15*q13??
        x_est[0]=((int32)cA*x_est[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*(uf[0]))>>15; // in q13
        x_est[1]=((int32)cA*x_est[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*(uf[1]))>>15; // q13
        x_est[2]=x_est[2];
        //               q15              + q15*q13
        x_est[3]=(((int32)x_est[3]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[2])>>15;
        
        if(x_est[3]>(1<<15)) x_est[3]-=2*(1<<15);
        if(x_est[3]<-(1<<15)) x_est[3]+=2*(1<<15);
        
        //void EKFfixed::update_psi(void)
        {       
                PSI[2]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
                tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[2])>>15; // ! cH =cB with different scale!!
                PSI[3]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
                PSI[6]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
                PSI[7]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
        }
        {
                int Ai[16];
                for (int i=0;i<16; i++) Ai[i]=(int)(PSI[i]);
                ivec Ad(Ai,16);
                log_level.store(logA,get_from_ivec(Ad));
        }
        
        ///////// end of copy ///////////////
        mmultAU(PSI,Uf,PSIU,4,4);
        //thorton(int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *PSIU, int16 *Q, int16 *G, int16 *Dold, unsigned int16 dimx);
        thorton_fast(Uf,Df,PSIU,Q,G,Dfold,4);
        
         {
                 int Ui[16];    for (int i=0;i<16; i++) Ui[i]=(int)Uf[i];
                 
                ivec Ud(Ui,16);
                log_level.store(logU,get_from_ivec(Ud));
                
                int di[16];     for (int i=0;i<16; i++) di[i]=(int)Df[i];
                ivec dd(di,4);
                imat U(Ui,4,4);
                mat U2=to_mat(U)/32768;
                mat PP=U2*diag(to_vec(dd))*U2.T();
                vec pp(PP._data(),16);
                log_level.store(logP,pp);
         }
         {
                 int Gi[16];    for (int i=0;i<16; i++) Gi[i]=(int)G[i];
                 ivec Gd(Gi,16);
                log_level.store(logG,get_from_ivec(Gd));
        }
        
        
        int16 difz[2];
        difz[0]=(Y_mes[0]-x_est[0]); // shift to q15!!
        difz[1]=(Y_mes[1]-x_est[1]);//<<2;

        {
                int Di[4];               for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Di[i]=(int)Df[i];
                ivec dd(Di,4);//;dd(0)=Y_mes[0];dd(1)=Y_mes[1]; dd(2)=difz[0]; dd(3)=difz[1];
                log_level.store(logD,get_from_ivec(dd));
        }
        
        //bierman(int16 *difz, int16 *xp, int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *R, unsigned int16 dimy, unsigned int16 dimx );
        int16 dR[2];dR[0]=R[0];dR[1]=R[3];
        //int16 xb[4]; xb[0]=x_est[0]<<2; xb[1]=x_est[1]<<2;  xb[2]=x_est[2]<<2;  xb[3]=x_est[3];  
        bierman_fast(difz,x_est,Uf,Df,dR,2,4);
        //x_est[0] = xb[0]>>2; x_est[1]=xb[1]>>2; x_est[2]=xb[2]>>2; x_est[3]=xb[3];
        
        // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
        vec& mu = E._mu();
        (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],15)*Iref;
        (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],15)*Iref;
        (mu)(2)=zprevod(x_est[2],15)*Wref;
        (mu)(3)=zprevod(x_est[3],15)*Thetaref;
        
        //x_est[2]=x[2]*32768/Wref;
        //x_est[3]=x[3]*32768/Thetaref;
//      mat T=diag(concat(vec_2(Iref,Iref), vec_2(Wref,Thetaref)));
}

void EKFfixedUD::init_ekf(double Tv)
{
        // Tuning of matrix Q
        Q[0]=prevod(.001,15);       // 0.05
        Q[5]=Q[0];
        Q[10]=prevod(0.0005,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[15]=prevod(0.0001,15);      // 1e-3

        Uf[0]=0x7FFF;// !       // 0.05
        Uf[1]=Uf[2]=Uf[3]=Uf[4]=0;
        Uf[5]=0x7FFF;//!
        Uf[6]=Uf[6]=Uf[8]=Uf[9]=0;
        Uf[10]=0x7FFF;//!      // 1e-3
        Uf[11]=Uf[12]=Uf[13]=Uf[4]=0;
        Uf[15]=0x7FFF;      // 1e-3
        
        Df[0]=1<<14;
        Df[1]=1<<14;
        Df[2]=1<<14;
        Df[3]=1<<14;
        
        // Tuning of matrix R
        R[0]=prevod(0.05,15);         // 0.05
        R[3]=R[0];
        
        // Motor model parameters 
        cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
        cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
        cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
        //  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
        //  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
        //  cF=prevod(p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
        cG=prevod(Tv*Wref/Thetaref,15); //in q15!
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
        // cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // < ===========
        cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // 
        //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);
        
        /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
        PSI[0]=cA;
        PSI[5]=PSI[0];
        PSI[10]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[14]=cG;
        PSI[15]=0x7FFF;
        
}

void EKFfixedUD2::bayes(const itpp::vec& yt, const itpp::vec& ut)
{
        ekf2(ut[0],ut[1],yt[0],yt[1]);
}


void EKFfixedUD2::ekf2(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
        // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
        int16 uf[2];
        uf[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,15);
        uf[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,15);
        
        int16 Y_mes[2];
        // zadani mereni
        Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,15);
        Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,15);
        
        ////// vlastni rutina EKF -- /////////////////////////
        int16 t_sin,t_cos;
        int32 tmp;
        
        x_est[0]=x_est[0];
        //               q15              + q15*q13
        x_est[1]=(((int32)x_est[1]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[0]+(1<<14))>>15;
        
//      if(x_est[1]>(1<<15)) x_est[1]-=2*(1<<15);
//      if(x_est[1]<-(1<<15)) x_est[1]+=2*(1<<15);
        
        
        ///////// end of copy ///////////////
        mmultAU(PSI,Uf,PSIU,2,2);

        //void EKFfixed::update_psi(void)
        {
                int Ai[4];
                for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ai[i]=(int)(PSI[i]);
                ivec Ad(Ai,4);
                log_level.store(logA,get_from_ivec(Ad));
        }
        
        //thorton(int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *PSIU, int16 *Q, int16 *G, int16 *Dold, unsigned int16 dimx);
        thorton_fast(Uf,Df,PSIU,Q,G,Dfold,2);
        
// implementace v PC
/*      t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
 *      t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);*/
tmp=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
if (tmp>32767) t_sin =32767; else t_sin=tmp;
tmp=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
if (tmp>32767) t_cos =32767; else t_cos=tmp;

{       
        C[0]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
        tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[0])>>15; // ! cH =cB with different scale!!
        C[1]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
        C[2]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
        C[3]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
}


{
        int Ui[4];      for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ui[i]=(int)Uf[i];
        int Ci[4];      for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ci[i]=(int)C[i];
        
        imat Ud(Ui,2,2);
        imat Cd(Ci,2,2);
//      imat CU = Cd*Ud/(1<<15);
        log_level.store(logU,get_from_ivec(ivec(Ud._data(),Ud._datasize())));
        
        int di[2];      for (int i=0;i<2; i++) di[i]=(int)Df[i];
        ivec dd(di,2);
        imat U(Ui,2,2);
        mat U2=to_mat(U)/32768;
        mat PP=U2*diag(to_vec(dd))*U2.T();
        vec pp(PP._data(),4);
        log_level.store(logP,pp);
}
{
        int Gi[4];      for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Gi[i]=(int)G[i];
        ivec Gd(Gi,4);
        log_level.store(logG,get_from_ivec(Gd));
}


tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[0])>>15; // q15*q13 -> q13
//             q15*q13 +          q13*q15      + q15*q13??
y_est[0]=((int32)cA*y_old[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*(uf[0])+(1<<14))>>15; // in q13
y_est[1]=((int32)cA*y_old[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*(uf[1])+(1<<14))>>15; // q13

        
        int16 difz[2];
        difz[0]=(Y_mes[0]-y_est[0]); // shift to q15!!
        difz[1]=(Y_mes[1]-y_est[1]);//<<2;
        
        y_old[0] = Y_mes[0];
        y_old[1] = Y_mes[1];
        {
                int Di[2];               for (int i=0;i<2; i++) Di[i]=(int)Df[i];
                ivec dd(Di,2);//;dd(0)=Y_mes[0];dd(1)=Y_mes[1]; dd(2)=difz[0]; dd(3)=difz[1];
                log_level.store(logD,get_from_ivec(dd));
                int Ci[4];               for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ci[i]=(int)C[i];
                ivec CC(Ci,4);//;dd(0)=Y_mes[0];dd(1)=Y_mes[1]; dd(2)=difz[0]; dd(3)=difz[1];
                log_level.store(logC,get_from_ivec(CC));
        }
        
        //bierman(int16 *difz, int16 *xp, int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *R, unsigned int16 dimy, unsigned int16 dimx );
        int16 dR[2];dR[0]=R[0];dR[1]=R[3];
        //int16 xb[4]; xb[0]=x_est[0]<<2; xb[1]=x_est[1]<<2;  xb[2]=x_est[2]<<2;  xb[3]=x_est[3];  
        bierman_fastC(difz,x_est,Uf,Df,C,dR,2,2);
        //x_est[0] = xb[0]>>2; x_est[1]=xb[1]>>2; x_est[2]=xb[2]>>2; x_est[3]=xb[3];
        
        // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
        vec& mu = E._mu();
        (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],15)*Wref;
        (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],15)*Thetaref;
        
        //x_est[2]=x[2]*32768/Wref;
        //x_est[3]=x[3]*32768/Thetaref;
        //      mat T=diag(concat(vec_2(Iref,Iref), vec_2(Wref,Thetaref)));
}

void EKFfixedUD2::init_ekf2(double Tv)
{
        // Tuning of matrix Q
        Q[0]=prevod(0.01,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[3]=prevod(0.01,15);      // 1e-3
        
        Uf[0]=0x7FFF;// !       // 0.05
        Uf[1]=Uf[2]=0;
        Uf[3]=0x7FFF;//!
        
        Df[0]=1<<14;
        Df[1]=1<<14;
        
        // Tuning of matrix R
        R[0]=prevod(0.01,15);         // 0.05
        R[3]=R[0];
        
        // Motor model parameters 
        cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
        cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
        cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
        //  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
        //  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
        //  cF=prevod(p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
        cG=prevod(Tv*Wref/Thetaref,15); //in q15!
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
        // cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // < ===========
        cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag*Thetaref/Iref/Ls,15); // 
        //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);
        
        /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
        PSI[0]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[1]=0;
        PSI[2]=cG;
        PSI[3]=0x7FFF;
}

void EKFfixedUD3::bayes(const itpp::vec& yt, const itpp::vec& ut)
{
        ekf3(ut[0],ut[1],yt[0],yt[1]);
}


void EKFfixedUD3::ekf3(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
        // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
        int16 uf[2];
        uf[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,15);
        uf[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,15);
        
        int16 Y_mes[2];
        // zadani mereni
        Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,15);
        Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,15);
        
        ////// vlastni rutina EKF -- /////////////////////////
        int16 t_sin,t_cos;
        int32 tmp;
        
        int16 Mm=x_est[2];
        x_est[0]=(((int32)x_est[0]<<15) + (int32)cF*x_est[2] + (1<<14))>>15;
        //               q15              + q15*q13
        x_est[1]=(((int32)x_est[1]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[0] + (1<<14))>>15;
        x_est[2]=x_est[2];
        
        //      if(x_est[1]>(1<<15)) x_est[1]-=2*(1<<15);
        //      if(x_est[1]<-(1<<15)) x_est[1]+=2*(1<<15);
        
        
        ///////// end of copy ///////////////
        mmultAU(PSI,Uf,PSIU,3,3);
        
        
        //thorton(int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *PSIU, int16 *Q, int16 *G, int16 *Dold, unsigned int16 dimx);
        thorton_fast(Uf,Df,PSIU,Q,G,Dfold,3);
        
        // implementace v PC
        /*      t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
         *      t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);*/
        tmp=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_sin =32767; else t_sin=tmp;
        tmp=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_cos =32767; else t_cos=tmp;
        
        {       
                C[0]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
                tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[0])>>15; // ! cH =cB with different scale!!
                C[1]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
                C[2] = 0;
                
                C[3]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
                C[4]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
                C[5]=0;
        }       
        
        tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[0])>>15; // q15*q13 -> q13
        //             q15*q13 +          q13*q15      + q15*q13??
        y_est[0]=((int32)cA*y_old[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*(uf[0])+(1<<14))>>15; // in q13
        y_est[1]=((int32)cA*y_old[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*(uf[1])+(1<<14))>>15; // q13
        
        
        int16 difz[2];
        difz[0]=(Y_mes[0]-y_est[0]); // shift to q15!!
        difz[1]=(Y_mes[1]-y_est[1]);//<<2;
        
        y_old[0] = Y_mes[0];
        y_old[1] = Y_mes[1];
        
        //bierman(int16 *difz, int16 *xp, int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *R, unsigned int16 dimy, unsigned int16 dimx );
        int16 dR[2];dR[0]=R[0];dR[1]=R[3];
        //int16 xb[4]; xb[0]=x_est[0]<<2; xb[1]=x_est[1]<<2;  xb[2]=x_est[2]<<2;  xb[3]=x_est[3];  
        bierman_fastC(difz,x_est,Uf,Df,C,dR,2,3);
        //x_est[0] = xb[0]>>2; x_est[1]=xb[1]>>2; x_est[2]=xb[2]>>2; x_est[3]=xb[3];
        
        // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
        vec& mu = E._mu();
        (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],15)*Wref;
        (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],15)*Thetaref;
        (mu)(2)=zprevod(x_est[2],15)*Mref;
        
        //x_est[2]=x[2]*32768/Wref;
        //x_est[3]=x[3]*32768/Thetaref;
        //      mat T=diag(concat(vec_2(Iref,Iref), vec_2(Wref,Thetaref)));
}

void EKFfixedUD3::init_ekf3(double Tv)
{
        // Tuning of matrix Q
        Q[0]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[4]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[8]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3
        
        Uf[0]=0x7FFF;// !       // 0.05
        Uf[1]=Uf[2]=Uf[3]=0;
        Uf[4]=0x7FFF;//!
        Uf[5]=Uf[6]=Uf[7]=0;
        Uf[8]=0x7FFF;//!
        
        Df[0]=1<<14;
        Df[1]=1<<14;
        Df[2]=1<<14;
        
        // Tuning of matrix R
        R[0]=prevod(0.01,15);         // 0.05
        R[3]=R[0];
        
        // Motor model parameters 
        cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
        cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
        cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
        //  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
        //  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
        cF=prevod(-p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
        cG=prevod(Tv*Wref/Thetaref,15); //in q15!
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
        // cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // < ===========
        cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag*Thetaref/Iref/Ls,15); // 
        //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);
        
        /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
        PSI[0]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[1]=0;
        PSI[2]= cF;
        
        PSI[3]=cG;
        PSI[4]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[5]=0;
        
        PSI[6]=0;
        PSI[7]=0;
        PSI[8]=0x7FFF;
}


void EKFfixedCh::bayes(const itpp::vec& yt, const itpp::vec& ut)
{
        ekf(ut[0],ut[1],yt[0],yt[1]);
}


void EKFfixedCh::ekf(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
        // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
        int16 uf[2];
        uf[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,15);
        uf[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,15);
        
        int16 Y_mes[2];
        // zadani mereni
        Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,15);
        Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,15);
        
        ////// vlastni rutina EKF -- /////////////////////////
        int16 t_sin,t_cos, tmp;
        
        // implementace v PC
        /*      t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
         *      t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);*/
        t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
        t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
        
        tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[2])>>15; // q15*q13 -> q13
        //             q15*q13 +          q13*q15      + q15*q13??
        x_est[0]=((int32)cA*x_est[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*(uf[0]))>>15; // in q13
        x_est[1]=((int32)cA*x_est[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*(uf[1]))>>15; // q13
        x_est[2]=x_est[2];
        //               q15              + q15*q13
        x_est[3]=(((int32)x_est[3]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[2])>>15;
        
        if(x_est[3]>(1<<15)) x_est[3]-=2*(1<<15);
        if(x_est[3]<-(1<<15)) x_est[3]+=2*(1<<15);
        
        //void EKFfixed::update_psi(void)
        {       
                PSI[2]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
                tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[2])>>15; // ! cH =cB with different scale!!
                PSI[3]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
                PSI[6]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
                PSI[7]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
        }
        {
/*              ivec Ad(PSI,16);
                log_level.store(logA,get_from_ivec(Ad));*/
        }
        
        ///////// end of copy ///////////////
        mmultACh(PSI,Chf,PSICh,4,4);
        //thorton(int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *PSIU, int16 *Q, int16 *G, int16 *Dold, unsigned int16 dimx);
        //householder(PSICh,Q,4);
        givens_fast(PSICh,Q,4);
        // COPY 
        for (int16 ii=0; ii<16; ii++){Chf[ii]=PSICh[ii];}
        
        {
                
                int Chi[16]; for (int i=0;i<16;i++) Chi[i]=Chf[i];
                ivec Chd(Chi,16);
                log_level.store(logCh,get_from_ivec(Chd));
                imat mCh(Chd._data(), 4,4);
                imat P = mCh*mCh.T();
                ivec iP(P._data(),16);
                log_level.store(logP,get_from_ivec(iP));
        }
        
        
        int16 difz[2];
        difz[0]=(Y_mes[0]-x_est[0]); // shift to q15!!
        difz[1]=(Y_mes[1]-x_est[1]);//<<2;
        
        
        //
        int16 dR[2];dR[0]=R[0];dR[1]=R[3];
        //int16 xb[4]; xb[0]=x_est[0]<<2; xb[1]=x_est[1]<<2;  xb[2]=x_est[2]<<2;  xb[3]=x_est[3];  

        carlson_fast(difz,x_est,Chf,dR,2,4);
        //x_est[0] = xb[0]>>2; x_est[1]=xb[1]>>2; x_est[2]=xb[2]>>2; x_est[3]=xb[3];
        
        // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
        vec& mu = E._mu();
        (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],15)*Iref;
        (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],15)*Iref;
        (mu)(2)=zprevod(x_est[2],15)*Wref;
        (mu)(3)=zprevod(x_est[3],15)*Thetaref;
        
        //x_est[2]=x[2]*32768/Wref;
        //x_est[3]=x[3]*32768/Thetaref;
        //      mat T=diag(concat(vec_2(Iref,Iref), vec_2(Wref,Thetaref)));
}

void EKFfixedCh::init_ekf(double Tv)
{
        // Tuning of matrix Q
        Q[0]=prevod(.01,15);       // 0.05
        Q[5]=Q[0];
        Q[10]=prevod(0.0005,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[15]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3
        
        Chf[0]=0x3FFF;// !       // 0.05
        Chf[1]=Chf[2]=Chf[3]=Chf[4]=0;
        Chf[5]=0x3FFF;//!
        Chf[6]=Chf[6]=Chf[8]=Chf[9]=0;
        Chf[10]=0x3FFF;//!      // 1e-3
        Chf[11]=Chf[12]=Chf[13]=Chf[4]=0;
        Chf[15]=0x3FFF;      // 1e-3
                
        // Tuning of matrix R
        R[0]=prevod(0.05,15);         // 0.05
        R[3]=R[0];
        
        // Motor model parameters 
        cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
        cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
        cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
        //  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
        //  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
        //  cF=prevod(p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
        cG=prevod(Tv*Wref/Thetaref,15); //in q15!
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
        cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); //  <=======
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // 
        //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);
        
        /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
        PSI[0]=cA;
        PSI[5]=PSI[0];
        PSI[10]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[14]=cG;
        PSI[15]=0x7FFF;
        
}

void EKFfixedCh2::bayes(const itpp::vec& yt, const itpp::vec& ut)
{
        ekf2(ut[0],ut[1],yt[0],yt[1]);
}


void EKFfixedCh2::ekf2(double ux, double uy, double isxd, double isyd)
{
        // vypocet napeti v systemu (x,y)
        int16 uf[2];
        uf[0]=prevod(ux/Uref,15);
        uf[1]=prevod(uy/Uref,15);
        
        int16 Y_mes[2];
        // zadani mereni
        Y_mes[0]=prevod(isxd/Iref,15);
        Y_mes[1]=prevod(isyd/Iref,15);
        
        ////// vlastni rutina EKF -- /////////////////////////
        int16 t_sin,t_cos;
        int32 tmp;
        
        x_est[0]=x_est[0];
        //               q15              + q15*q13
        x_est[1]=(((int32)x_est[1]<<15)+(int32)cG*x_est[0])>>15;
        
        //      if(x_est[1]>(1<<15)) x_est[1]-=2*(1<<15);
        //      if(x_est[1]<-(1<<15)) x_est[1]+=2*(1<<15);
        
        
        ///////// end of copy ///////////////
        mmultACh(PSI,Chf,PSICh,2,2);
        
        //void EKFfixed::update_psi(void)
        {
                int Ai[4];
                for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ai[i]=(int)(PSICh[i]);
                ivec Ad(Ai,4);
                log_level.store(logA,get_from_ivec(Ad));
        }
        
        //thorton(int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *PSIU, int16 *Q, int16 *G, int16 *Dold, unsigned int16 dimx);
        givens_fast(PSICh,Q,2);
        for (int i=0;i<4;i++) Chf[i]=PSICh[i];  
        
        // implementace v PC
        /*      t_sin=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);
         *      t_cos=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[3]/32768.),15);*/
        tmp=prevod(sin(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_sin =32767; else t_sin=tmp;
        tmp=prevod(cos(Thetaref*x_est[1]/32768.),15);
        if (tmp>32767) t_cos =32767; else t_cos=tmp;
        
        {       
                C[0]=((int32)cB*t_sin)>>15;
                tmp=((int32)cH*x_est[0])>>15; // ! cH =cB with different scale!!
                C[1]=((int32)tmp*t_cos)>>15;
                C[2]=-((int32)cB*t_cos)>>15;
                C[3]=((int32)tmp*t_sin)>>15;
        }
        
        {
                int Chi[4];     for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Chi[i]=(int)Chf[i];
//              int Ci[4];      for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ci[i]=(int)C[i];
                
                imat Chd(Chi,2,2);
        //      imat Cd(Ci,2,2);
                imat CCh = Chd;
                log_level.store(logCh,get_from_ivec(ivec(CCh._data(),CCh._datasize())));
        }
        
        
        tmp=((int32)cB*x_est[0])>>15; // q15*q13 -> q13
        //             q15*q13 +          q13*q15      + q15*q13??
        y_est[0]=((int32)cA*y_old[0]+(int32)tmp*t_sin+(int32)cC*(uf[0]))>>15; // in q13
        y_est[1]=((int32)cA*y_old[1]-(int32)tmp*t_cos+(int32)cC*(uf[1]))>>15; // q13
        
        
        int16 difz[2];
        difz[0]=(Y_mes[0]-y_est[0]); // shift to q15!!
        difz[1]=(Y_mes[1]-y_est[1]);//<<2;
        
        y_old[0] = Y_mes[0];
        y_old[1] = Y_mes[1];
        {
                int Ci[4];               for (int i=0;i<4; i++) Ci[i]=(int)C[i];
                ivec CC(Ci,4);//;dd(0)=Y_mes[0];dd(1)=Y_mes[1]; dd(2)=difz[0]; dd(3)=difz[1];
                log_level.store(logC,get_from_ivec(CC));
        }
        
        //bierman(int16 *difz, int16 *xp, int16 *U, int16 *D, int16 *R, unsigned int16 dimy, unsigned int16 dimx );
        int16 dR[2];dR[0]=R[0];dR[1]=R[3];
        //int16 xb[4]; xb[0]=x_est[0]<<2; xb[1]=x_est[1]<<2;  xb[2]=x_est[2]<<2;  xb[3]=x_est[3];  
        int16 rem;
        int32 detS;
        carlson_fastC(difz,x_est,Chf,C,dR,2,2, &detS, &rem);
        //x_est[0] = xb[0]>>2; x_est[1]=xb[1]>>2; x_est[2]=xb[2]>>2; x_est[3]=xb[3];
        
        log_level.store(logDet,vec_1((double)detS));
        log_level.store(logRem,vec_1((double)rem));

        // navrat estimovanych hodnot regulatoru
        vec& mu = E._mu();
        (mu)(0)=zprevod(x_est[0],15)*Wref;
        (mu)(1)=zprevod(x_est[1],15)*Thetaref;
        
        //x_est[2]=x[2]*32768/Wref;
        //x_est[3]=x[3]*32768/Thetaref;
        //      mat T=diag(concat(vec_2(Iref,Iref), vec_2(Wref,Thetaref)));
}

void EKFfixedCh2::init_ekf2(double Tv)
{
        // Tuning of matrix Q
        Q[0]=prevod(0.005,15);      // 1e-3
        Q[3]=prevod(0.001,15);      // 1e-3
        
        Chf[0]=0x1FFF;// !       // 0.05
        Chf[1]=Chf[2]=0;
        Chf[3]=0x1FFF;//!
                
        // Tuning of matrix R
        R[0]=prevod(0.001,15);         // 0.05
        R[3]=R[0];
        
        // Motor model parameters 
        cA=prevod(1-Tv*Rs/Ls,15);
        cB=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15);
        cC=prevod(Tv/Ls/Iref*Uref,15);
        //  cD=prevod(1-Tv*Bf/J,15);
        //  cE=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref,15);
        //  cF=prevod(p*Tv*Mref/J/Wref,15);
        cG=prevod(Tv*Wref/Thetaref,15); //in q15!
        //cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls*Thetaref,15);
        // cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Thetaref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // < ===========
        cH=prevod(Tv*Wref*Fmag/Iref/Ls,15); // 
        //  cI=prevod(kp*p*p*Tv*Fmag*Iref/J/Wref*Thetaref);
        
        /* Init matrix PSI with permanently constant terms */
        PSI[0]=0x7FFF;
        PSI[2]=cG;
        PSI[3]=0x7FFF;
}