root/applications/robust/robustlib.h @ 1305

/*!
  \file
  \brief Robust Bayesian auto-regression model
  \author Jan Sindelar.
*/

#ifndef ROBUST_H
#define ROBUST_H

//#include <stat/exp_family.h>
#include <itpp/itbase.h>
#include <map>
#include <limits>
#include <vector>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
        
//using namespace bdm;
using namespace std;
using namespace itpp;

const double max_range = 100;//numeric_limits<double>::max()/10e-10;

/// An enumeration of possible actions performed on the polyhedrons. We can merge them or split them.
enum actions {MERGE, SPLIT};

// Forward declaration of polyhedron, vertex and emlig
class polyhedron;
class vertex;
class emlig;

/*
class t_simplex
{
public:
        set<vertex*> minima;

        set<vertex*> simplex;

        t_simplex(vertex* origin_vertex)
        {
                simplex.insert(origin_vertex);
                minima.insert(origin_vertex);
        }
};*/

/// A class representing a single condition that can be added to the emlig. A condition represents data entries in a statistical model.
class condition
{       
public:
        /// Value of the condition representing the data
        vec value;      

        /// Mulitplicity of the given condition may represent multiple occurences of same data entry.
        int multiplicity;

        /// Default constructor of condition class takes the value of data entry and creates a condition with multiplicity 1 (first occurence of the data).
        condition(vec value)
        {
                this->value = value;
                multiplicity = 1;
        }
};


/// A class describing a single polyhedron of the split complex. From a collection of such classes a Hasse diagram
/// of the structure in the exponent of a Laplace-Inverse-Gamma density will be created.
class polyhedron
{
        /// A property having a value of 1 usually, with higher value only if the polyhedron arises as a coincidence of
        /// more than just the necessary number of conditions. For example if a newly created line passes through an already
        /// existing point, the points multiplicity will rise by 1.
        int multiplicity;       

        /// A property representing the position of the polyhedron related to current condition with relation to which we
        /// are splitting the parameter space (new data has arrived). This property is setup within a classification procedure and
        /// is only valid while the new condition is being added. It has to be reset when new condition is added and new classification
        /// has to be performed.
        int split_state;

        /// A property representing the position of the polyhedron related to current condition with relation to which we
        /// are merging the parameter space (data is being deleted usually due to a moving window model which is more adaptive and 
        /// steps in for the forgetting in a classical Gaussian AR model). This property is setup within a classification procedure and
        /// is only valid while the new condition is being removed. It has to be reset when new condition is removed and new classification
        /// has to be performed.
        int merge_state;

                        

public:
        /// A pointer to the multi-Laplace inverse gamma distribution this polyhedron belongs to.
        emlig* my_emlig;

        /// A list of polyhedrons parents within the Hasse diagram.
        list<polyhedron*> parents;

        /// A list of polyhedrons children withing the Hasse diagram.
        list<polyhedron*> children;

        /// All the vertices of the given polyhedron
        set<vertex*> vertices;

        /// The conditions that gave birth to the polyhedron. If some of them is removed, the polyhedron ceases to exist.
        set<condition*> parentconditions;

        /// A list used for storing children that lie in the positive region related to a certain condition
        list<polyhedron*> positivechildren;

        /// A list used for storing children that lie in the negative region related to a certain condition
        list<polyhedron*> negativechildren;

        /// Children intersecting the condition
        list<polyhedron*> neutralchildren;

        /// A set of grandchildren of the polyhedron that when new condition is added lie exactly on the condition hyperplane. These grandchildren
        /// behave differently from other grandchildren, when the polyhedron is split. New grandchild is not necessarily created on the crossection of
        /// the polyhedron and new condition.
        set<polyhedron*> totallyneutralgrandchildren;

        /// A set of children of the polyhedron that when new condition is added lie exactly on the condition hyperplane. These children
        /// behave differently from other children, when the polyhedron is split. New child is not necessarily created on the crossection of
        /// the polyhedron and new condition.
        set<polyhedron*> totallyneutralchildren;

        /// Reverse relation to the totallyneutralgrandchildren set is needed for merging of already existing polyhedrons to keep 
        /// totallyneutralgrandchildren list up to date.
        set<polyhedron*> grandparents;

        /// Vertices of the polyhedron classified as positive related to an added condition. When the polyhderon is split by the new condition,
        /// these vertices will belong to the positive part of the splitted polyhedron.
        set<vertex*> positiveneutralvertices;

        /// Vertices of the polyhedron classified as negative related to an added condition. When the polyhderon is split by the new condition,
        /// these vertices will belong to the negative part of the splitted polyhedron.
        set<vertex*> negativeneutralvertices;

        /// A bool specifying if the polyhedron lies exactly on the newly added condition or not.
        bool totally_neutral;

        /// When two polyhedrons are merged, there always exists a child lying on the former border of the polyhedrons. This child manages the merge
        /// of the two polyhedrons. This property gives us the address of the mediator child.
        polyhedron* mergechild;

        /// If the polyhedron serves as a mergechild for two of its parents, we need to have the address of the parents to access them. This 
        /// is the pointer to the positive parent being merged.
        polyhedron* positiveparent;

        /// If the polyhedron serves as a mergechild for two of its parents, we need to have the address of the parents to access them. This 
        /// is the pointer to the negative parent being merged.
        polyhedron* negativeparent;     

        /// Adressing withing the statistic. Next_poly is a pointer to the next polyhedron in the statistic on the same level (if this is a point,
        /// next_poly will be a point etc.).
        polyhedron* next_poly;

        /// Adressing withing the statistic. Prev_poly is a pointer to the previous polyhedron in the statistic on the same level (if this is a point,
        /// next_poly will be a point etc.).
        polyhedron* prev_poly;

        /// A property counting the number of messages obtained from children within a classification procedure of position of the polyhedron related
        /// an added/removed condition. If the message counter reaches the number of children, we know the polyhedrons' position has been fully classified.
        int message_counter;

        /// List of triangulation polyhedrons of the polyhedron given by their relative vertices. 
        list<set<vertex*>> triangulation;

        /// A list of relative addresses serving for Hasse diagram construction.
        list<int> kids_rel_addresses;

        /// Default constructor
        polyhedron()
        {
                multiplicity = 1;

                message_counter = 0;

                totally_neutral = NULL;

                mergechild = NULL;              
        }
        
        /// Setter for raising multiplicity
        void raise_multiplicity()
        {
                multiplicity++;
        }

        /// Setter for lowering multiplicity
        void lower_multiplicity()
        {
                multiplicity--;
        }

        int get_multiplicity()
        {
                return multiplicity;
        }
        
        /// An obligatory operator, when the class is used within a C++ STL structure like a vector
        int operator==(polyhedron polyhedron2)
        {
                return true;
        }

        /// An obligatory operator, when the class is used within a C++ STL structure like a vector
        int operator<(polyhedron polyhedron2)
        {
                return false;
        }

        
        /// A setter of state of current polyhedron relative to the action specified in the argument. The three possible states of the
        /// polyhedron are -1 - NEGATIVE, 0 - NEUTRAL, 1 - POSITIVE. Neutral state means that either the state has been reset or the polyhedron is
        /// ready to be split/merged.
        int set_state(double state_indicator, actions action)
        {
                switch(action)
                {
                        case MERGE:
                                merge_state = (int)sign(state_indicator);
                                return merge_state;                     
                        case SPLIT:
                                split_state = (int)sign(state_indicator);
                                return split_state;             
                }
        }

        /// A getter of state of current polyhedron relative to the action specified in the argument. The three possible states of the
        /// polyhedron are -1 - NEGATIVE, 0 - NEUTRAL, 1 - POSITIVE. Neutral state means that either the state has been reset or the polyhedron is
        /// ready to be split/merged.
        int get_state(actions action)
        {
                switch(action)
                {
                        case MERGE:
                                return merge_state;                     
                        break;
                        case SPLIT:
                                return split_state;
                        break;
                }
        }

        /// Method for obtaining the number of children of given polyhedron.
        int number_of_children()
        {
                return children.size();
        }

        /// A method for triangulation of given polyhedron.
        void triangulate(bool should_integrate);        
};


/// A class for representing 0-dimensional polyhedron - a vertex. It will be located in the bottom row of the Hasse
/// diagram representing a complex of polyhedrons. It has its coordinates in the parameter space.
class vertex : public polyhedron
{
        /// A dynamic array representing coordinates of the vertex
        vec coordinates;

public:
        /// A property specifying the value of the density (ted nevim, jestli je to jakoby log nebo ne) above the vertex.
        double function_value;

        /// Default constructor
        vertex();

        /// Constructor of a vertex from a set of coordinates
        vertex(vec coordinates)
        {
                this->coordinates   = coordinates;

                vertices.insert(this);

                set<vertex*> vert_simplex;

                vert_simplex.insert(this);

                triangulation.push_back(vert_simplex);
        }

        /// A method that widens the set of coordinates of given vertex. It is used when a complex in a parameter
        /// space of certain dimension is established, but the dimension is not known when the vertex is created.
        void push_coordinate(double coordinate)
        {
                coordinates  = concat(coordinates,coordinate);          
        }

        /// A method obtaining the set of coordinates of a vertex. These coordinates are not obtained as a pointer 
        /// (not given by reference), but a new copy is created (they are given by value).
        vec get_coordinates()
        {
                return coordinates;
        }
                
};


/// A class representing a polyhedron in a top row of the complex. Such polyhedron has a condition that differen   tiates
/// it from polyhedrons in other rows. 
class toprow : public polyhedron
{
        
public:
        double probability;

        vertex* minimal_vertex;

        /// A condition used for determining the function of a Laplace-Inverse-Gamma density resulting from Bayesian estimation
        vec condition_sum;

        int condition_order;

        /// Default constructor
        toprow(){};

        /// Constructor creating a toprow from the condition
        toprow(condition *condition, int condition_order)
        {
                this->condition_sum   = condition->value;
                this->condition_order = condition_order;
        }

        toprow(vec condition_sum, int condition_order)
        {
                this->condition_sum   = condition_sum;
                this->condition_order = condition_order;
        }

        double integrate_simplex(set<vertex*> simplex, char c);

};






class c_statistic
{

public:
        polyhedron* end_poly;
        polyhedron* start_poly;

        vector<polyhedron*> rows;

        vector<polyhedron*> row_ends;

        c_statistic()
        {
                end_poly   = new polyhedron();
                start_poly = new polyhedron();
        };

        void append_polyhedron(int row, polyhedron* appended_start, polyhedron* appended_end)
        {
                if(row>((int)rows.size())-1)
                {
                        if(row>rows.size())
                        {
                                throw new exception("You are trying to append a polyhedron whose children are not in the statistic yet!");
                                return;
                        }

                        rows.push_back(end_poly);
                        row_ends.push_back(end_poly);
                }

                // POSSIBLE FAILURE: the function is not checking if start and end are connected

                if(rows[row] != end_poly)
                {
                        appended_start->prev_poly = row_ends[row];
                        row_ends[row]->next_poly = appended_start;                      
                                                
                }
                else if((row>0 && rows[row-1]!=end_poly)||row==0)
                {
                        appended_start->prev_poly = start_poly;
                        rows[row]= appended_start;                      
                }
                else
                {
                        throw new exception("Wrong polyhedron insertion into statistic: missing intermediary polyhedron!");
                }

                appended_end->next_poly = end_poly;
                row_ends[row] = appended_end;
        }

        void append_polyhedron(int row, polyhedron* appended_poly)
        {
                append_polyhedron(row,appended_poly,appended_poly);
        }

        void insert_polyhedron(int row, polyhedron* inserted_poly, polyhedron* following_poly)
        {               
                if(following_poly != end_poly)
                {
                        inserted_poly->next_poly = following_poly;
                        inserted_poly->prev_poly = following_poly->prev_poly;

                        if(following_poly->prev_poly == start_poly)
                        {
                                rows[row] = inserted_poly;
                        }
                        else
                        {                               
                                inserted_poly->prev_poly->next_poly = inserted_poly;                                                            
                        }

                        following_poly->prev_poly = inserted_poly;
                }
                else
                {
                        this->append_polyhedron(row, inserted_poly);
                }               
        
        }


        

        void delete_polyhedron(int row, polyhedron* deleted_poly)
        {
                if(deleted_poly->prev_poly != start_poly)
                {
                        deleted_poly->prev_poly->next_poly = deleted_poly->next_poly;
                }
                else
                {
                        rows[row] = deleted_poly->next_poly;
                }

                if(deleted_poly->next_poly!=end_poly)
                {
                        deleted_poly->next_poly->prev_poly = deleted_poly->prev_poly;
                }
                else
                {
                        row_ends[row] = deleted_poly->prev_poly;
                }

                

                deleted_poly->next_poly = NULL;
                deleted_poly->prev_poly = NULL;                                 
        }

        int size()
        {
                return rows.size();
        }

        polyhedron* get_end()
        {
                return end_poly;
        }

        polyhedron* get_start()
        {
                return start_poly;
        }

        int row_size(int row)
        {
                if(this->size()>row && row>=0)
                {
                        int row_size = 0;
                        
                        for(polyhedron* row_poly = rows[row]; row_poly!=end_poly; row_poly=row_poly->next_poly)
                        {
                                row_size++;
                        }

                        return row_size;
                }
                else
                {
                        throw new exception("There is no row to obtain size from!");
                }
        }
};


class my_ivec : public ivec
{
public:
        my_ivec():ivec(){};

        my_ivec(ivec origin):ivec()
        {
                this->ins(0,origin);
        }

        bool operator>(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return max(*this)>max(second);
                
                /*
                int size1 = this->size();
                int size2 = second.size();              
                 
                int counter1 = 0;
                while(0==0)
                {
                        if((*this)[counter1]==0)
                        {
                                size1--;
                        }
                        
                        if((*this)[counter1]!=0)
                                break;

                        counter1++;
                }

                int counter2 = 0;
                while(0==0)
                {
                        if(second[counter2]==0)
                        {
                                size2--;
                        }
                        
                        if(second[counter2]!=0)
                                break;

                        counter2++;
                }

                if(size1!=size2)
                {
                        return size1>size2;
                }
                else
                {
                        for(int i = 0;i<size1;i++)
                        {
                                if((*this)[counter1+i]!=second[counter2+i])
                                {
                                        return (*this)[counter1+i]>second[counter2+i];
                                }
                        }

                        return false;
                }*/
        }

        
        bool operator==(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return max(*this)==max(second);
                
                /*
                int size1 = this->size();
                int size2 = second.size();              
                 
                int counter = 0;
                while(0==0)
                {
                        if((*this)[counter]==0)
                {
                        size1--;
                }
                        
                if((*this)[counter]!=0)
                        break;

                counter++;
                }

                counter = 0;
                while(0==0)
                {
                        if(second[counter]==0)
                        {
                                size2--;
                        }
                        
                        if(second[counter]!=0)
                                break;

                        counter++;
                }

                if(size1!=size2)
                {
                        return false;
                }
                else
                {
                        for(int i=0;i<size1;i++)
                        {
                                if((*this)[size()-1-i]!=second[second.size()-1-i])
                                {
                                        return false;
                                }
                        }

                        return true;
                }*/
        }

        bool operator<(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return !(((*this)>second)||((*this)==second));
        }

        bool operator!=(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return !((*this)==second);
        }

        bool operator<=(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return !((*this)>second);
        }

        bool operator>=(const my_ivec &second) const
        {
                return !((*this)<second);
        }

        my_ivec right(my_ivec original)
        {
                
        }
};







//! Conditional(e) Multicriteria-Laplace-Inverse-Gamma distribution density
class emlig // : eEF
{

        /// A statistic in a form of a Hasse diagram representing a complex of convex polyhedrons obtained as a result
        /// of data update from Bayesian estimation or set by the user if this emlig is a prior density
        

        vector<list<polyhedron*>> for_splitting;
                
        vector<list<polyhedron*>> for_merging;

        list<condition*> conditions;

        double normalization_factor;

        

        void alter_toprow_conditions(condition *condition, bool should_be_added)
        {
                for(polyhedron* horiz_ref = statistic.rows[statistic.size()-1];horiz_ref!=statistic.get_end();horiz_ref=horiz_ref->next_poly)
                {
                        set<vertex*>::iterator vertex_ref = horiz_ref->vertices.begin();

                        do
                        {
                                vertex_ref++;
                        }
                        while((*vertex_ref)->parentconditions.find(condition)==(*vertex_ref)->parentconditions.end());

                        double product = (*vertex_ref)->get_coordinates()*condition->value;

                        if(should_be_added)
                        {
                                ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_order++;

                                if(product>0)
                                {
                                        ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_sum += condition->value;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_sum -= condition->value;
                                }
                        }
                        else
                        { 
                                ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_order--;

                                if(product<0)                   
                                {
                                        ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_sum += condition->value;
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        ((toprow*) horiz_ref)->condition_sum -= condition->value;
                                }
                        }                               
                }
        }



        void send_state_message(polyhedron* sender, condition *toadd, condition *toremove, int level)
        {                       

                bool shouldmerge    = (toremove != NULL);
                bool shouldsplit    = (toadd != NULL);
                
                if(shouldsplit||shouldmerge)
                {
                        for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator parent_iterator = sender->parents.begin();parent_iterator!=sender->parents.end();parent_iterator++)
                        {
                                polyhedron* current_parent = *parent_iterator;

                                current_parent->message_counter++;

                                bool is_last  = (current_parent->message_counter == current_parent->number_of_children());
                                bool is_first = (current_parent->message_counter == 1);

                                if(shouldmerge)
                                {
                                        int child_state  = sender->get_state(MERGE);
                                        int parent_state = current_parent->get_state(MERGE);

                                        if(parent_state == 0||is_first)
                                        {
                                                parent_state = current_parent->set_state(child_state, MERGE);                                           
                                        }                                       

                                        if(child_state == 0)
                                        {
                                                if(current_parent->mergechild == NULL)
                                                {
                                                        current_parent->mergechild = sender;
                                                }                                                       
                                        }                                       

                                        if(is_last)
                                        {                                               
                                                if(current_parent->mergechild != NULL)
                                                {
                                                        if(current_parent->mergechild->get_multiplicity()==1)
                                                        {
                                                                if(parent_state > 0)
                                                                {                                                       
                                                                        current_parent->mergechild->positiveparent = current_parent;                                                    
                                                                }

                                                                if(parent_state < 0)
                                                                {                                                       
                                                                        current_parent->mergechild->negativeparent = current_parent;                                                    
                                                                }
                                                        }                                                       
                                                }                                               
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        if(parent_state == 1)
                                                        {
                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_sum-=toremove->value;
                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_order--;
                                                        }

                                                        if(parent_state == -1)
                                                        {
                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_sum+=toremove->value;
                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_order--;
                                                        }

                                                        //current_parent->set_state(0,MERGE);                                                   
                                                }

                                                if(parent_state == 0)
                                                {
                                                        for_merging[level+1].push_back(current_parent);
                                                        // current_parent->parentconditions.erase(toremove);
                                                }                                               

                                                current_parent->mergechild = NULL;
                                                current_parent->message_counter = 0;                                            

                                                if(level == number_of_parameters - 1)
                                                {
                                                        toprow* cur_par_toprow = ((toprow*)current_parent);
                                                        cur_par_toprow->probability = 0.0;
                                                                        
                                                        for(list<set<vertex*>>::iterator t_ref = current_parent->triangulation.begin();t_ref!=current_parent->triangulation.end();t_ref++)
                                                        {
                                                                cur_par_toprow->probability += cur_par_toprow->integrate_simplex(*t_ref,'C');
                                                        }                                                                       
                                                }
                                        }                                       
                                }

                                if(shouldsplit)
                                {
                                        current_parent->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(sender->totallyneutralchildren.begin(),sender->totallyneutralchildren.end());

                                        for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator tot_child_ref = sender->totallyneutralchildren.begin();tot_child_ref!=sender->totallyneutralchildren.end();tot_child_ref++)
                                        {
                                                (*tot_child_ref)->grandparents.insert(current_parent);
                                        }

                                        switch(sender->get_state(SPLIT))
                                        {
                                        case 1:
                                                current_parent->positivechildren.push_back(sender);
                                                current_parent->positiveneutralvertices.insert(sender->vertices.begin(),sender->vertices.end());
                                        break;
                                        case 0:
                                                current_parent->neutralchildren.push_back(sender);
                                                current_parent->positiveneutralvertices.insert(sender->positiveneutralvertices.begin(),sender->positiveneutralvertices.end());
                                                current_parent->negativeneutralvertices.insert(sender->negativeneutralvertices.begin(),sender->negativeneutralvertices.end());

                                                if(current_parent->totally_neutral == NULL)
                                                {
                                                        current_parent->totally_neutral = sender->totally_neutral;
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        current_parent->totally_neutral = current_parent->totally_neutral && sender->totally_neutral;
                                                }

                                                if(sender->totally_neutral)
                                                {
                                                        current_parent->totallyneutralchildren.insert(sender);
                                                }
                                                        
                                        break;
                                        case -1:
                                                current_parent->negativechildren.push_back(sender);
                                                current_parent->negativeneutralvertices.insert(sender->vertices.begin(),sender->vertices.end());
                                        break;
                                        }

                                        if(is_last)
                                        {
                                                if((current_parent->negativechildren.size()>0&&current_parent->positivechildren.size()>0)||
                                                                                                        (current_parent->neutralchildren.size()>0&&current_parent->totally_neutral==false))
                                                {                                                               
                                                                
                                                                for_splitting[level+1].push_back(current_parent);
                                                                
                                                                current_parent->set_state(0, SPLIT);
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                                

                                                        if(current_parent->negativechildren.size()>0)
                                                        {
                                                                current_parent->set_state(-1, SPLIT);

                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_sum-=toadd->value;

                                                                        
                                                        }
                                                        else if(current_parent->positivechildren.size()>0)
                                                        {
                                                                current_parent->set_state(1, SPLIT);

                                                                ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_sum+=toadd->value;                                                                 
                                                        }
                                                        else
                                                        {
                                                                current_parent->raise_multiplicity();                                                           
                                                        }

                                                        ((toprow*)current_parent)->condition_order++;

                                                        if(level == number_of_parameters - 1)
                                                        {
                                                                toprow* cur_par_toprow = ((toprow*)current_parent);
                                                                cur_par_toprow->probability = 0.0;
                                                                        
                                                                for(list<set<vertex*>>::iterator t_ref = current_parent->triangulation.begin();t_ref!=current_parent->triangulation.end();t_ref++)
                                                                {
                                                                        cur_par_toprow->probability += cur_par_toprow->integrate_simplex(*t_ref,'C');
                                                                }                                                                       
                                                        }

                                                        current_parent->positivechildren.clear();
                                                        current_parent->negativechildren.clear();
                                                        current_parent->neutralchildren.clear();
                                                        current_parent->totallyneutralchildren.clear();
                                                        current_parent->totallyneutralgrandchildren.clear();
                                                        // current_parent->grandparents.clear();
                                                        current_parent->positiveneutralvertices.clear();
                                                        current_parent->negativeneutralvertices.clear();
                                                        current_parent->totally_neutral = NULL;
                                                        current_parent->kids_rel_addresses.clear();
                                                        current_parent->message_counter = 0;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }

                                if(is_last)
                                {
                                        send_state_message(current_parent,toadd,toremove,level+1);
                                }
                        
                        }
                        
                }               
        }
        
public: 
        c_statistic statistic;

        vertex* minimal_vertex;

        double likelihood_value;

        vector<multiset<my_ivec>> correction_factors;

        int number_of_parameters;

        /// A default constructor creates an emlig with predefined statistic representing only the range of the given
        /// parametric space, where the number of parameters of the needed model is given as a parameter to the constructor.
        emlig(int number_of_parameters)
        {       
                this->number_of_parameters = number_of_parameters;

                create_statistic(number_of_parameters);

                likelihood_value = numeric_limits<double>::max();
        }

        /// A constructor for creating an emlig when the user wants to create the statistic by himself. The creation of a
        /// statistic is needed outside the constructor. Used for a user defined prior distribution on the parameters.
        emlig(c_statistic statistic)
        {
                this->statistic = statistic;    

                likelihood_value = numeric_limits<double>::max();
        }

        void step_me(int marker)
        {
                
                for(int i = 0;i<statistic.size();i++)
                {
                        for(polyhedron* horiz_ref = statistic.rows[i];horiz_ref!=statistic.get_end();horiz_ref=horiz_ref->next_poly)
                        {
                                
                                if(i==statistic.size()-1)
                                {
                                        //cout << ((toprow*)horiz_ref)->condition_sum << "   " << ((toprow*)horiz_ref)->probability << endl;
                                        cout << "Order:" << ((toprow*)horiz_ref)->condition_order << endl;
                                }
                                if(i==0)
                                {
                                        cout << ((vertex*)horiz_ref)->get_coordinates() << endl;
                                }

                                char* string = "Checkpoint";
                        }
                }
                

                /*
                list<vec> table_entries;
                for(polyhedron* horiz_ref = statistic.rows[statistic.size()-1];horiz_ref!=statistic.row_ends[statistic.size()-1];horiz_ref=horiz_ref->next_poly)
                {
                        toprow *current_toprow = (toprow*)(horiz_ref);
                        for(list<set<vertex*>>::iterator tri_ref = current_toprow->triangulation.begin();tri_ref!=current_toprow->triangulation.end();tri_ref++)
                        {
                                for(set<vertex*>::iterator vert_ref = (*tri_ref).begin();vert_ref!=(*tri_ref).end();vert_ref++)
                                {
                                        vec table_entry = vec();
                                        
                                        table_entry.ins(0,(*vert_ref)->get_coordinates()*current_toprow->condition.get(1,current_toprow->condition.size()-1)-current_toprow->condition.get(0,0));
                                        
                                        table_entry.ins(0,(*vert_ref)->get_coordinates());

                                        table_entries.push_back(table_entry);
                                }
                        }                       
                }

                unique(table_entries.begin(),table_entries.end());

                                
                
                for(list<vec>::iterator entry_ref = table_entries.begin();entry_ref!=table_entries.end();entry_ref++)
                {
                        ofstream myfile;
                        myfile.open("robust_data.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
                        if (myfile.is_open())
                        {
                                for(int i = 0;i<(*entry_ref).size();i++)
                                {
                                        myfile << (*entry_ref)[i] << ";";
                                }
                                myfile << endl;
                        
                                myfile.close();
                        }
                        else
                        {
                                cout << "File problem." << endl;
                        }
                }
                */
                

                return;
        }

        int statistic_rowsize(int row)
        {
                return statistic.row_size(row);
        }

        void add_condition(vec toadd)
        {
                vec null_vector = "";

                add_and_remove_condition(toadd, null_vector);
        }


        void remove_condition(vec toremove)
        {               
                vec null_vector = "";

                add_and_remove_condition(null_vector, toremove);
        
        }

        void add_and_remove_condition(vec toadd, vec toremove)
        {
                likelihood_value = numeric_limits<double>::max();

                bool should_remove = (toremove.size() != 0);
                bool should_add    = (toadd.size() != 0);

                for_splitting.clear();
                for_merging.clear();

                for(int i = 0;i<statistic.size();i++)
                {
                        list<polyhedron*> empty_split;
                        list<polyhedron*> empty_merge;

                        for_splitting.push_back(empty_split);
                        for_merging.push_back(empty_merge);
                }

                list<condition*>::iterator toremove_ref = conditions.end();
                bool condition_should_be_added = should_add;

                for(list<condition*>::iterator ref = conditions.begin();ref!=conditions.end();ref++)
                {
                        if(should_remove)
                        {
                                if((*ref)->value == toremove)
                                {
                                        if((*ref)->multiplicity>1)
                                        {
                                                (*ref)->multiplicity--;

                                                alter_toprow_conditions(*ref,false);

                                                should_remove = false;
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                toremove_ref = ref;                                                     
                                        }
                                }
                        }

                        if(should_add)
                        {
                                if((*ref)->value == toadd)
                                {
                                        (*ref)->multiplicity++;

                                        alter_toprow_conditions(*ref,true);

                                        should_add = false;

                                        condition_should_be_added = false;
                                }                               
                        }
                }       

                condition* condition_to_remove = NULL;

                if(toremove_ref!=conditions.end())
                {
                        condition_to_remove = *toremove_ref;
                        conditions.erase(toremove_ref);                 
                }

                condition* condition_to_add = NULL;

                if(condition_should_be_added)
                {
                        condition* new_condition = new condition(toadd);
                        
                        conditions.push_back(new_condition);
                        condition_to_add = new_condition;
                }               
                
                for(polyhedron* horizontal_position = statistic.rows[0];horizontal_position!=statistic.get_end();horizontal_position=horizontal_position->next_poly)
                {               
                        vertex* current_vertex = (vertex*)horizontal_position;
                        
                        if(should_add||should_remove)
                        {
                                vec appended_coords = current_vertex->get_coordinates();
                                appended_coords.ins(0,-1.0);                            

                                if(should_add)
                                {
                                        double local_condition = 0;// = toadd*(appended_coords.first/=appended_coords.second);

                                        local_condition = appended_coords*toadd;

                                        current_vertex->set_state(local_condition,SPLIT);

                                        /// \TODO There should be a rounding error tolerance used here to insure we are not having too many points because of rounding error.
                                        if(local_condition == 0)
                                        {
                                                current_vertex->totally_neutral = true;

                                                current_vertex->raise_multiplicity();

                                                current_vertex->negativeneutralvertices.insert(current_vertex);
                                                current_vertex->positiveneutralvertices.insert(current_vertex);
                                        }                                       
                                }
                        
                                if(should_remove)
                                {                                       
                                        set<condition*>::iterator cond_ref;
                                        
                                        for(cond_ref = current_vertex->parentconditions.begin();cond_ref!=current_vertex->parentconditions.end();cond_ref++)
                                        {
                                                if(*cond_ref == condition_to_remove)
                                                {
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                        }

                                        if(cond_ref!=current_vertex->parentconditions.end())
                                        {
                                                current_vertex->parentconditions.erase(cond_ref);
                                                current_vertex->set_state(0,MERGE);
                                                for_merging[0].push_back(current_vertex);
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                double local_condition = toremove*appended_coords;
                                                current_vertex->set_state(local_condition,MERGE);
                                        }
                                }                               
                        }

                        send_state_message(current_vertex, condition_to_add, condition_to_remove, 0);           
                        
                }

                
                
                if(should_remove)
                {
                        for(int i = 0;i<for_merging.size();i++)
                        {
                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator merge_ref = for_merging[i].begin();merge_ref!=for_merging[i].end();merge_ref++)
                                {
                                        cout << (*merge_ref)->get_state(MERGE) << ",";
                                }

                                cout << endl;
                        }

                        set<vertex*> vertices_to_be_reduced;                    
                        
                        int k = 1;

                        for(vector<list<polyhedron*>>::iterator vert_ref = for_merging.begin();vert_ref<for_merging.end();vert_ref++)
                        {
                                for(list<polyhedron*>::reverse_iterator merge_ref = vert_ref->rbegin();merge_ref!=vert_ref->rend();merge_ref++)
                                {
                                        if((*merge_ref)->get_multiplicity()>1)
                                        {
                                                if(k==1)
                                                {
                                                        vertices_to_be_reduced.insert((vertex*)(*merge_ref));
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        (*merge_ref)->lower_multiplicity();
                                                }
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                toprow* current_positive = (toprow*)(*merge_ref)->positiveparent;
                                                toprow* current_negative = (toprow*)(*merge_ref)->negativeparent;

                                                current_positive->condition_sum -= toremove;
                                                current_positive->condition_order--;
                                                
                                                current_positive->children.insert(current_positive->children.end(),current_negative->children.begin(),current_negative->children.end());
                                                current_positive->children.remove(*merge_ref);

                                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator child_ref = current_negative->children.begin();child_ref!=current_negative->children.end();child_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*child_ref)->parents.remove(current_negative);
                                                        (*child_ref)->parents.push_back(current_positive);                                                                                                      
                                                }
                                                
                                                current_positive->negativechildren.insert(current_positive->negativechildren.end(),current_negative->negativechildren.begin(),current_negative->negativechildren.end());                                                
                                                
                                                current_positive->positivechildren.insert(current_positive->positivechildren.end(),current_negative->positivechildren.begin(),current_negative->positivechildren.end());
                                                                                                
                                                current_positive->neutralchildren.insert(current_positive->neutralchildren.end(),current_negative->positivechildren.begin(),current_negative->positivechildren.end());
                                        
                                                switch((*merge_ref)->get_state(SPLIT))
                                                {
                                                case -1:
                                                        current_positive->negativechildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        break;
                                                case 0:
                                                        current_positive->neutralchildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        break;
                                                case 1:
                                                        current_positive->positivechildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        break;
                                                }

                                                current_positive->parents.insert(current_positive->parents.begin(),current_negative->parents.begin(),current_negative->parents.end());
                                                // unique(current_positive->parents.begin(),current_positive->parents.end());

                                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator parent_ref = current_negative->parents.begin();parent_ref!=current_negative->parents.end();parent_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*parent_ref)->children.remove(current_negative);
                                                        (*parent_ref)->children.push_back(current_positive);
                                                }

                                                current_positive->totallyneutralchildren.insert(current_negative->totallyneutralchildren.begin(),current_negative->totallyneutralchildren.end());
                                                current_positive->totallyneutralchildren.erase(*merge_ref);

                                                current_positive->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(current_negative->totallyneutralgrandchildren.begin(),current_negative->totallyneutralgrandchildren.end());
                                                
                                                current_positive->vertices.insert(current_negative->vertices.begin(),current_negative->vertices.end());
                                                current_positive->negativeneutralvertices.insert(current_negative->negativeneutralvertices.begin(),current_negative->negativeneutralvertices.end());
                                                current_positive->positiveneutralvertices.insert(current_negative->positiveneutralvertices.begin(),current_negative->positiveneutralvertices.end());
                                                
                                                for(set<vertex*>::iterator vert_ref = (*merge_ref)->vertices.begin();vert_ref!=(*merge_ref)->vertices.end();vert_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        if((*vert_ref)->get_multiplicity()==1)
                                                        {
                                                                current_positive->vertices.erase(*vert_ref);
                                                                current_positive->negativeneutralvertices.erase(*vert_ref);
                                                                current_positive->positiveneutralvertices.erase(*vert_ref);
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                
                                                if(current_negative->get_state(SPLIT)==0&&!current_negative->totally_neutral)
                                                {
                                                        for_splitting[k].remove(current_negative);
                                                        
                                                        if(current_positive->get_state(SPLIT)!=0||current_positive->totally_neutral)
                                                        {
                                                                for_splitting[k].push_back(current_positive);
                                                        }
                                                }

                                                if(current_positive->totally_neutral)
                                                {
                                                        if(!current_negative->totally_neutral)
                                                        {
                                                                for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_ref = current_positive->grandparents.begin();grand_ref!=current_positive->grandparents.end();grand_ref++)
                                                                {
                                                                        (*grand_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.erase(current_positive);
                                                                }                                                               
                                                        }
                                                        else
                                                        {
                                                                for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_ref = current_negative->grandparents.begin();grand_ref!=current_negative->grandparents.end();grand_ref++)
                                                                {
                                                                        (*grand_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.erase(current_negative);
                                                                        (*grand_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(current_positive);
                                                                }                                                               
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        if(current_negative->totally_neutral)
                                                        {
                                                                for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_ref = current_negative->grandparents.begin();grand_ref!=current_negative->grandparents.end();grand_ref++)
                                                                {
                                                                        (*grand_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.erase(current_negative);                                                                      
                                                                }
                                                        }                                                       
                                                }

                                                current_positive->grandparents.clear();

                                                current_positive->totally_neutral = (current_positive->totally_neutral && current_negative->totally_neutral);

                                                current_positive->triangulate(k==for_splitting.size()-1);
                                                
                                                statistic.delete_polyhedron(k,current_negative);

                                                delete current_negative;

                                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator child_ref = (*merge_ref)->children.begin();child_ref!=(*merge_ref)->children.end();child_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*child_ref)->parents.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                }

                                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator parent_ref = (*merge_ref)->parents.begin();parent_ref!=(*merge_ref)->parents.end();parent_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*parent_ref)->positivechildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        (*parent_ref)->negativechildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        (*parent_ref)->neutralchildren.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                        (*parent_ref)->children.remove(*merge_ref);
                                                }

                                                for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_ch_ref = (*merge_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.begin();grand_ch_ref!=(*merge_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.end();grand_ch_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*grand_ch_ref)->grandparents.erase(*merge_ref);
                                                }

                                                
                                                for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_p_ref = (*merge_ref)->grandparents.begin();grand_p_ref!=(*merge_ref)->grandparents.end();grand_p_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*grand_p_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.erase(*merge_ref);
                                                }
                                                

                                                statistic.delete_polyhedron(k-1,*merge_ref);

                                                if(k==1)
                                                {
                                                        vertices_to_be_reduced.insert((vertex*)(*merge_ref));
                                                }
                                                else
                                                {
                                                        delete *merge_ref;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }                       
                        
                                k++;

                        }

                        for(set<vertex*>::iterator vert_ref = vertices_to_be_reduced.begin();vert_ref!=vertices_to_be_reduced.end();vert_ref++)
                        {
                                if((*vert_ref)->get_multiplicity()>1)
                                {
                                        (*vert_ref)->lower_multiplicity();
                                }
                                else
                                {
                                        delete *vert_ref;
                                }
                        }                       
                }
                

                if(should_add)
                {
                        int k = 1;

                        vector<list<polyhedron*>>::iterator beginning_ref = ++for_splitting.begin();

                        for(vector<list<polyhedron*>>::iterator vert_ref = beginning_ref;vert_ref<for_splitting.end();vert_ref++)
                        {                       

                                for(list<polyhedron*>::reverse_iterator split_ref = vert_ref->rbegin();split_ref != vert_ref->rend();split_ref++)
                                {
                                        polyhedron* new_totally_neutral_child;

                                        polyhedron* current_polyhedron = (*split_ref);
                                        
                                        if(vert_ref == beginning_ref)
                                        {
                                                vec coordinates1 = ((vertex*)(*(current_polyhedron->children.begin())))->get_coordinates();                                             
                                                vec coordinates2 = ((vertex*)(*(++current_polyhedron->children.begin())))->get_coordinates();
                                                
                                                vec extended_coord2 = coordinates2;
                                                extended_coord2.ins(0,-1.0);                                            

                                                double t = (-toadd*extended_coord2)/(toadd(1,toadd.size()-1)*(coordinates1-coordinates2));                                              

                                                vec new_coordinates = (1-t)*coordinates2+t*coordinates1;                                                

                                                // cout << "c1:" << coordinates1 << endl << "c2:" << coordinates2 << endl << "nc:" << new_coordinates << endl;

                                                vertex* neutral_vertex = new vertex(new_coordinates);                                           

                                                new_totally_neutral_child = neutral_vertex;
                                        }
                                        else
                                        {
                                                toprow* neutral_toprow = new toprow();
                                                
                                                neutral_toprow->condition_sum   = ((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_sum; // tohle tu bylo driv: zeros(number_of_parameters+1);
                                                neutral_toprow->condition_order = ((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_order+1;

                                                new_totally_neutral_child = neutral_toprow;
                                        }

                                        new_totally_neutral_child->parentconditions.insert(current_polyhedron->parentconditions.begin(),current_polyhedron->parentconditions.end());
                                        new_totally_neutral_child->parentconditions.insert(condition_to_add);

                                        new_totally_neutral_child->my_emlig = this;
                                        
                                        new_totally_neutral_child->children.insert(new_totally_neutral_child->children.end(),
                                                                                                                current_polyhedron->totallyneutralgrandchildren.begin(),
                                                                                                                                current_polyhedron->totallyneutralgrandchildren.end());

                                        

                                        // cout << ((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition << endl << toadd << endl;

                                        toprow* positive_poly = new toprow(((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_sum+toadd, ((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_order+1);
                                        toprow* negative_poly = new toprow(((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_sum-toadd, ((toprow*)current_polyhedron)->condition_order+1);

                                        positive_poly->my_emlig = this;
                                        negative_poly->my_emlig = this;

                                        for(set<polyhedron*>::iterator grand_ref = current_polyhedron->totallyneutralgrandchildren.begin(); grand_ref != current_polyhedron->totallyneutralgrandchildren.end();grand_ref++)
                                        {
                                                (*grand_ref)->parents.push_back(new_totally_neutral_child);
                                                
                                                // tohle tu nebylo. ma to tu byt?
                                                //positive_poly->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(*grand_ref);
                                                //negative_poly->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(*grand_ref);

                                                //(*grand_ref)->grandparents.insert(positive_poly);
                                                //(*grand_ref)->grandparents.insert(negative_poly);

                                                new_totally_neutral_child->vertices.insert((*grand_ref)->vertices.begin(),(*grand_ref)->vertices.end());
                                        }

                                        positive_poly->children.push_back(new_totally_neutral_child);
                                        negative_poly->children.push_back(new_totally_neutral_child);
                                        

                                        for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator parent_ref = current_polyhedron->parents.begin();parent_ref!=current_polyhedron->parents.end();parent_ref++)
                                        {
                                                (*parent_ref)->totallyneutralgrandchildren.insert(new_totally_neutral_child);
                                                // new_totally_neutral_child->grandparents.insert(*parent_ref);

                                                (*parent_ref)->neutralchildren.remove(current_polyhedron);
                                                (*parent_ref)->children.remove(current_polyhedron);

                                                (*parent_ref)->children.push_back(positive_poly);
                                                (*parent_ref)->children.push_back(negative_poly);
                                                (*parent_ref)->positivechildren.push_back(positive_poly);
                                                (*parent_ref)->negativechildren.push_back(negative_poly);
                                        }

                                        positive_poly->parents.insert(positive_poly->parents.end(),
                                                                                                current_polyhedron->parents.begin(),
                                                                                                                current_polyhedron->parents.end());

                                        negative_poly->parents.insert(negative_poly->parents.end(),
                                                                                                current_polyhedron->parents.begin(),
                                                                                                                current_polyhedron->parents.end());

                                        

                                        new_totally_neutral_child->parents.push_back(positive_poly);
                                        new_totally_neutral_child->parents.push_back(negative_poly);

                                        for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator child_ref = current_polyhedron->positivechildren.begin();child_ref!=current_polyhedron->positivechildren.end();child_ref++)
                                        {
                                                (*child_ref)->parents.remove(current_polyhedron);
                                                (*child_ref)->parents.push_back(positive_poly);                                         
                                        }                                       

                                        positive_poly->children.insert(positive_poly->children.end(),
                                                                                                current_polyhedron->positivechildren.begin(),
                                                                                                                        current_polyhedron->positivechildren.end());

                                        for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator child_ref = current_polyhedron->negativechildren.begin();child_ref!=current_polyhedron->negativechildren.end();child_ref++)
                                        {
                                                (*child_ref)->parents.remove(current_polyhedron);
                                                (*child_ref)->parents.push_back(negative_poly);
                                        }

                                        negative_poly->children.insert(negative_poly->children.end(),
                                                                                                current_polyhedron->negativechildren.begin(),
                                                                                                                        current_polyhedron->negativechildren.end());

                                        positive_poly->vertices.insert(current_polyhedron->positiveneutralvertices.begin(),current_polyhedron->positiveneutralvertices.end());
                                        positive_poly->vertices.insert(new_totally_neutral_child->vertices.begin(),new_totally_neutral_child->vertices.end());

                                        negative_poly->vertices.insert(current_polyhedron->negativeneutralvertices.begin(),current_polyhedron->negativeneutralvertices.end());
                                        negative_poly->vertices.insert(new_totally_neutral_child->vertices.begin(),new_totally_neutral_child->vertices.end());
                                                                
                                        new_totally_neutral_child->triangulate(false);

                                        positive_poly->triangulate(k==for_splitting.size()-1);
                                        negative_poly->triangulate(k==for_splitting.size()-1);
                                        
                                        statistic.append_polyhedron(k-1, new_totally_neutral_child);                                    
                                        
                                        statistic.insert_polyhedron(k, positive_poly, current_polyhedron);
                                        statistic.insert_polyhedron(k, negative_poly, current_polyhedron);                                      

                                        statistic.delete_polyhedron(k, current_polyhedron);

                                        delete current_polyhedron;
                                }

                                k++;
                        }
                }

                
                vector<int> sizevector;
                for(int s = 0;s<statistic.size();s++)
                {
                        sizevector.push_back(statistic.row_size(s));
                        cout << statistic.row_size(s) << ", ";
                }

                cout << endl;

                /*
                for(polyhedron* topr_ref = statistic.rows[statistic.size()-1];topr_ref!=statistic.row_ends[statistic.size()-1]->next_poly;topr_ref=topr_ref->next_poly)
                {
                        cout << ((toprow*)topr_ref)->condition << endl;
                }
                */

        }

        void set_correction_factors(int order)
                {
                        for(int remaining_order = correction_factors.size();remaining_order<order;remaining_order++)
                        {
                                multiset<my_ivec> factor_templates;
                                multiset<my_ivec> final_factors;                                

                                my_ivec orig_template = my_ivec();                              

                                for(int i = 1;i<number_of_parameters-remaining_order+1;i++)
                                {                                       
                                        bool in_cycle = false;
                                        for(int j = 0;j<=remaining_order;j++)                                   {
                                                
                                                multiset<my_ivec>::iterator fac_ref = factor_templates.begin();

                                                do
                                                {
                                                        my_ivec current_template;
                                                        if(!in_cycle)
                                                        {
                                                                current_template = orig_template;
                                                                in_cycle = true;
                                                        }
                                                        else
                                                        {
                                                                current_template = (*fac_ref);
                                                                fac_ref++;
                                                        }                                                       
                                                        
                                                        current_template.ins(current_template.size(),i);

                                                        // cout << "template:" << current_template << endl;
                                                        
                                                        if(current_template.size()==remaining_order+1)
                                                        {
                                                                final_factors.insert(current_template);
                                                        }
                                                        else
                                                        {
                                                                factor_templates.insert(current_template);
                                                        }
                                                }
                                                while(fac_ref!=factor_templates.end());
                                        }
                                }       

                                correction_factors.push_back(final_factors);                    

                        }
                }

protected:

        /// A method for creating plain default statistic representing only the range of the parameter space.
    void create_statistic(int number_of_parameters)
        {
                /*
                for(int i = 0;i<number_of_parameters;i++)
                {
                        vec condition_vec = zeros(number_of_parameters+1);
                        condition_vec[i+1]  = 1;

                        condition* new_condition = new condition(condition_vec);
                        
                        conditions.push_back(new_condition);
                }
                */

                // An empty vector of coordinates.
                vec origin_coord;       

                // We create an origin - this point will have all the coordinates zero, but now it has an empty vector of coords.
                vertex *origin = new vertex(origin_coord);

                origin->my_emlig = this;
                
                /*
                // As a statistic, we have to create a vector of vectors of polyhedron pointers. It will then represent the Hasse
                // diagram. First we create a vector of polyhedrons..
                list<polyhedron*> origin_vec;

                // ..we fill it with the origin..
                origin_vec.push_back(origin);

                // ..and we fill the statistic with the created vector.
                statistic.push_back(origin_vec);
                */

                statistic = *(new c_statistic());               
                
                statistic.append_polyhedron(0, origin);

                // Now we have a statistic for a zero dimensional space. Regarding to how many dimensional space we need to 
                // describe, we have to widen the descriptional default statistic. We use an iterative procedure as follows:
                for(int i=0;i<number_of_parameters;i++)
                {
                        // We first will create two new vertices. These will be the borders of the parameter space in the dimension
                        // of newly added parameter. Therefore they will have all coordinates except the last one zero. We get the 
                        // right amount of zero cooridnates by reading them from the origin
                        vec origin_coord = origin->get_coordinates();                                           

                        // And we incorporate the nonzero coordinates into the new cooordinate vectors
                        vec origin_coord1 = concat(origin_coord,-max_range); 
                        vec origin_coord2 = concat(origin_coord,max_range);                              
                                        

                        // Now we create the points
                        vertex* new_point1 = new vertex(origin_coord1);
                        vertex* new_point2 = new vertex(origin_coord2);

                        new_point1->my_emlig = this;
                        new_point2->my_emlig = this;
                        
                        //*********************************************************************************************************
                        // The algorithm for recursive build of a new Hasse diagram representing the space structure from the old
                        // diagram works so that you create two copies of the old Hasse diagram, you shift them up one level (points
                        // will be segments, segments will be areas etc.) and you connect each one of the original copied polyhedrons
                        // with its offspring by a parent-child relation. Also each of the segments in the first (second) copy is
                        // connected to the first (second) newly created vertex by a parent-child relation.
                        //*********************************************************************************************************


                        /*
                        // Create the vectors of vectors of pointers to polyhedrons to hold the copies of the old Hasse diagram
                        vector<vector<polyhedron*>> new_statistic1;
                        vector<vector<polyhedron*>> new_statistic2;
                        */

                        c_statistic* new_statistic1 = new c_statistic();
                        c_statistic* new_statistic2 = new c_statistic();

                        
                        // Copy the statistic by rows                   
                        for(int j=0;j<statistic.size();j++)
                        {
                                

                                // an element counter
                                int element_number = 0;

                                /*
                                vector<polyhedron*> supportnew_1;
                                vector<polyhedron*> supportnew_2;

                                new_statistic1.push_back(supportnew_1);
                                new_statistic2.push_back(supportnew_2);
                                */

                                // for each polyhedron in the given row
                                for(polyhedron* horiz_ref = statistic.rows[j];horiz_ref!=statistic.get_end();horiz_ref=horiz_ref->next_poly)
                                {       
                                        // Append an extra zero coordinate to each of the vertices for the new dimension
                                        // If vert_ref is at the first index => we loop through vertices
                                        if(j == 0)
                                        {
                                                // cast the polyhedron pointer to a vertex pointer and push a zero to its vector of coordinates
                                                ((vertex*) horiz_ref)->push_coordinate(0);
                                        }
                                        /*
                                        else
                                        {
                                                ((toprow*) (*horiz_ref))->condition.ins(0,0);
                                        }*/

                                        // if it has parents
                                        if(!horiz_ref->parents.empty())
                                        {
                                                // save the relative address of this child in a vector kids_rel_addresses of all its parents.
                                                // This information will later be used for copying the whole Hasse diagram with each of the
                                                // relations contained within.
                                                for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator parent_ref = horiz_ref->parents.begin();parent_ref != horiz_ref->parents.end();parent_ref++)
                                                {
                                                        (*parent_ref)->kids_rel_addresses.push_back(element_number);                                                    
                                                }                                               
                                        }

                                        // **************************************************************************************************
                                        // Here we begin creating a new polyhedron, which will be a copy of the old one. Each such polyhedron
                                        // will be created as a toprow, but this information will be later forgotten and only the polyhedrons
                                        // in the top row of the Hasse diagram will be considered toprow for later use.
                                        // **************************************************************************************************

                                        // First we create vectors specifying a toprow condition. In the case of a preconstructed statistic
                                        // this condition will be a vector of zeros. There are two vectors, because we need two copies of 
                                        // the original Hasse diagram.
                                        vec vec1(number_of_parameters+1);
                                        vec1.zeros();

                                        vec vec2(number_of_parameters+1);
                                        vec2.zeros();

                                        // We create a new toprow with the previously specified condition.
                                        toprow* current_copy1 = new toprow(vec1, 0);
                                        toprow* current_copy2 = new toprow(vec2, 0);

                                        current_copy1->my_emlig = this;
                                        current_copy2->my_emlig = this;

                                        // The vertices of the copies will be inherited, because there will be a parent/child relation
                                        // between each polyhedron and its offspring (comming from the copy) and a parent has all the
                                        // vertices of its child plus more.
                                        for(set<vertex*>::iterator vertex_ref = horiz_ref->vertices.begin();vertex_ref!=horiz_ref->vertices.end();vertex_ref++)
                                        {
                                                current_copy1->vertices.insert(*vertex_ref);
                                                current_copy2->vertices.insert(*vertex_ref);                                            
                                        }
                                        
                                        // The only new vertex of the offspring should be the newly created point.
                                        current_copy1->vertices.insert(new_point1);
                                        current_copy2->vertices.insert(new_point2);                                     
                                        
                                        // This method guarantees that each polyhedron is already triangulated, therefore its triangulation
                                        // is only one set of vertices and it is the set of all its vertices.
                                        set<vertex*> t_simplex1;
                                        set<vertex*> t_simplex2;

                                        t_simplex1.insert(current_copy1->vertices.begin(),current_copy1->vertices.end());
                                        t_simplex2.insert(current_copy2->vertices.begin(),current_copy2->vertices.end());
                                        
                                        current_copy1->triangulation.push_back(t_simplex1);
                                        current_copy2->triangulation.push_back(t_simplex2);                                     
                                        
                                        // Now we have copied the polyhedron and we have to copy all of its relations. Because we are copying
                                        // in the Hasse diagram from bottom up, we always have to copy the parent/child relations to all the
                                        // kids and when we do that and know the child, in the child we will remember the parent we came from.
                                        // This way all the parents/children relations are saved in both the parent and the child.
                                        if(!horiz_ref->kids_rel_addresses.empty())
                                        {
                                                for(list<int>::iterator kid_ref = horiz_ref->kids_rel_addresses.begin();kid_ref!=horiz_ref->kids_rel_addresses.end();kid_ref++)
                                                {       
                                                        polyhedron* new_kid1 = new_statistic1->rows[j-1];
                                                        polyhedron* new_kid2 = new_statistic2->rows[j-1];

                                                        // THIS IS NOT EFFECTIVE: It could be improved by having the list indexed for new_statistic, but
                                                        // not indexed for statistic. Hopefully this will not cause a big slowdown - happens only offline.
                                                        if(*kid_ref)
                                                        {
                                                                for(int k = 1;k<=(*kid_ref);k++)
                                                                {
                                                                        new_kid1=new_kid1->next_poly;
                                                                        new_kid2=new_kid2->next_poly;
                                                                }
                                                        }
                                                        
                                                        // find the child and save the relation to the parent
                                                        current_copy1->children.push_back(new_kid1);
                                                        current_copy2->children.push_back(new_kid2);

                                                        // in the child save the parents' address
                                                        new_kid1->parents.push_back(current_copy1);
                                                        new_kid2->parents.push_back(current_copy2);
                                                }                                               

                                                // Here we clear the parents kids_rel_addresses vector for later use (when we need to widen the
                                                // Hasse diagram again)
                                                horiz_ref->kids_rel_addresses.clear();
                                        }
                                        // If there were no children previously, we are copying a polyhedron that has been a vertex before.
                                        // In this case it is a segment now and it will have a relation to its mother (copywise) and to the
                                        // newly created point. Here we create the connection to the new point, again from both sides.
                                        else
                                        {
                                                // Add the address of the new point in the former vertex
                                                current_copy1->children.push_back(new_point1);
                                                current_copy2->children.push_back(new_point2);

                                                // Add the address of the former vertex in the new point
                                                new_point1->parents.push_back(current_copy1);
                                                new_point2->parents.push_back(current_copy2);
                                        }

                                        // Save the mother in its offspring
                                        current_copy1->children.push_back(horiz_ref);
                                        current_copy2->children.push_back(horiz_ref);

                                        // Save the offspring in its mother
                                        horiz_ref->parents.push_back(current_copy1);
                                        horiz_ref->parents.push_back(current_copy2);    
                                                                
                                        
                                        // Add the copies into the relevant statistic. The statistic will later be appended to the previous
                                        // Hasse diagram
                                        new_statistic1->append_polyhedron(j,current_copy1);
                                        new_statistic2->append_polyhedron(j,current_copy2);
                                        
                                        // Raise the count in the vector of polyhedrons
                                        element_number++;                       
                                        
                                }
                                
                        }

                        /*
                        statistic.begin()->push_back(new_point1);
                        statistic.begin()->push_back(new_point2);
                        */

                        statistic.append_polyhedron(0, new_point1);
                        statistic.append_polyhedron(0, new_point2);

                        // Merge the new statistics into the old one. This will either be the final statistic or we will
                        // reenter the widening loop. 
                        for(int j=0;j<new_statistic1->size();j++)
                        {
                                /*
                                if(j+1==statistic.size())
                                {
                                        list<polyhedron*> support;
                                        statistic.push_back(support);
                                }
                                
                                (statistic.begin()+j+1)->insert((statistic.begin()+j+1)->end(),new_statistic1[j].begin(),new_statistic1[j].end());
                                (statistic.begin()+j+1)->insert((statistic.begin()+j+1)->end(),new_statistic2[j].begin(),new_statistic2[j].end());
                                */
                                statistic.append_polyhedron(j+1,new_statistic1->rows[j],new_statistic1->row_ends[j]);
                                statistic.append_polyhedron(j+1,new_statistic2->rows[j],new_statistic2->row_ends[j]);
                        }                       
                }

                /*
                vector<list<toprow*>> toprow_statistic;
                int line_count = 0;

                for(vector<list<polyhedron*>>::iterator polyhedron_ref = ++statistic.begin(); polyhedron_ref!=statistic.end();polyhedron_ref++)
                {
                        list<toprow*> support_list;
                        toprow_statistic.push_back(support_list);                                               

                        for(list<polyhedron*>::iterator polyhedron_ref2 = polyhedron_ref->begin(); polyhedron_ref2 != polyhedron_ref->end(); polyhedron_ref2++)
                        {
                                toprow* support_top = (toprow*)(*polyhedron_ref2);

                                toprow_statistic[line_count].push_back(support_top);
                        }

                        line_count++;
                }*/

                /*
                vector<int> sizevector;
                for(int s = 0;s<statistic.size();s++)
                {
                        sizevector.push_back(statistic.row_size(s));
                }
                */
                
        }


        
        
};



//! Robust Bayesian AR model for Multicriteria-Laplace-Inverse-Gamma density
class RARX //: public BM
{
private:

        

        int window_size;        

        list<vec> conditions;

public:
        emlig* posterior;

        RARX(int number_of_parameters, const int window_size)//:BM()
        {
                posterior = new emlig(number_of_parameters);

                this->window_size = window_size;                
        };

        void bayes(const itpp::vec &yt, const itpp::vec &cond = "")
        {
                conditions.push_back(yt);               

                //posterior->step_me(0);
                
                if(conditions.size()>window_size && window_size!=0)
                {                       
                        posterior->add_and_remove_condition(yt,conditions.front());
                        conditions.pop_front();

                        //posterior->step_me(1);
                }
                else
                {
                        posterior->add_condition(yt);
                }
                                
        }

};



#endif //TRAGE_H