1 | /*! |
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2 | \file |
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3 | \brief UI (user info) class for loading/saving objects from/to configuration files. |
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4 | It is designed with use of libconfig C/C++ Configuration File Library |
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5 | \ref ui_page |
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6 | \author Vaclav Smidl. |
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7 | |
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8 | ----------------------------------- |
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9 | BDM++ - C++ library for Bayesian Decision Making under Uncertainty |
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10 | |
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11 | Using IT++ for numerical operations |
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12 | ----------------------------------- |
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13 | */ |
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14 | |
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15 | #ifndef USER_INFO_H |
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16 | #define USER_INFO_H |
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17 | |
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18 | #include <stdio.h> |
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19 | #include <string> |
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20 | #include <typeinfo> |
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21 | #include <map> |
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22 | #include <stdexcept> |
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23 | |
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24 | #include "libconfig/libconfig.h++" |
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25 | #include "../bdmroot.h" |
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26 | #include "itpp/itbase.h" |
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27 | |
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28 | |
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29 | using std::string; |
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30 | using namespace std; |
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31 | using namespace libconfig; |
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32 | |
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33 | namespace bdm { |
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34 | |
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35 | //! Exception prepared for reporting user-info errors which are always related to some concrete Setting path |
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36 | //! |
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37 | //! \ref ui_page |
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38 | class UIException : public std::exception { |
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39 | |
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40 | public: |
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41 | //! Error message |
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42 | const string message; |
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43 | |
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44 | //! Path to the problematic setting |
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45 | const string path; |
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46 | |
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47 | private: |
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48 | string what_message; |
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49 | |
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50 | public: |
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51 | //! Use this constructor when you can pass the problematical Setting as a parameter |
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52 | UIException ( const string &message, const Setting &element ) |
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53 | : message ( "UI error: " + message + "." ), path ( "Check path \"" + string ( element.getPath() ) + "\"." ) { |
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54 | init_what_message(); |
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55 | } |
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56 | |
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57 | //! This constructor is for other occasions, when only path of problematical Setting is known |
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58 | UIException ( const string &message, const string &path ) |
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59 | : message ( "UI error: " + message + "." ), path ( "Check path \"" + path + "\"." ) { |
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60 | init_what_message(); |
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61 | } |
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62 | |
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63 | //! Overriden method for reporting an error message |
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64 | virtual const char* what() const throw() { |
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65 | return what_message.c_str(); |
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66 | } |
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67 | |
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68 | ~UIException() throw() {}; |
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69 | |
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70 | private: |
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71 | void init_what_message() { |
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72 | what_message = message; |
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73 | what_message += ' '; |
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74 | what_message += path; |
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75 | } |
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76 | }; |
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77 | |
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78 | |
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79 | /*! |
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80 | @brief This class serves to load and/or save user-infos into/from |
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81 | configuration files stored on a hard-disk. |
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82 | |
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83 | Firstly, save some user-infos into the new UIFile instance. Then, |
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84 | call the save method with a filename as its only argument: |
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85 | |
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86 | \code |
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87 | CAudi audi; |
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88 | UIFile file; |
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89 | UI::save( audi, file, "TT"); |
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90 | file.save("cars.cfg"); |
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91 | \endcode |
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92 | |
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93 | In the other way round, when loading object from a configuration file, |
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94 | the appropriate code looks like this: |
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95 | |
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96 | \code |
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97 | UIFile file("cars.cfg"); |
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98 | CAudi *audi = UI::build<CAudi>(file,"TT"); |
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99 | \endcode |
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100 | |
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101 | \ref ui_page |
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102 | */ |
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103 | class UIFile : public Config { |
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104 | public: |
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105 | //! Create empty file instance prepared to store Settings |
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106 | UIFile(); |
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107 | |
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108 | //! Creates instance and fills it from the configuration file file_name |
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109 | UIFile ( const string &file_name ); |
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110 | |
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111 | //! Save all the stored Settings into the configuration file file_name |
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112 | void save ( const string &file_name ); |
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113 | |
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114 | //! This operator allows the ability of substituting Setting parameter by UIFile instance |
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115 | operator Setting&(); |
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116 | }; |
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117 | |
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118 | /*! |
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119 | @brief This class serves to expand links used within configuration files. |
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120 | |
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121 | Value of any type but string can be linked to some other value of the same type |
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122 | defined elsewhere in the current configuration file or even in some different |
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123 | configuration file. |
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124 | |
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125 | Link have three parts, \<name\> : \<path\> \<\@filename\>. Field \<name\> contains the |
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126 | name of the new setting, \<path\> is the relative path to the referenced setting, which |
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127 | has to be taken from the %root Setting element. The last part \<\@filename\> is optional, |
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128 | it contains filename in the case the link should refer to a variable stored in a different |
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129 | file. From the previous part \<path\>, it has to be separated by '@'. |
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130 | |
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131 | \code |
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132 | ... |
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133 | jardovo : |
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134 | { |
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135 | class = "Car"; |
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136 | year = 1992; |
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137 | manufacturer = "liaz"; |
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138 | kilometers = 1555000; |
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139 | }; |
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140 | ondrejovo : |
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141 | { |
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142 | class = "Bike"; |
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143 | year = 1996; |
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144 | manufacturer = "author"; |
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145 | electricLights = true; |
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146 | matr = ( 2, 2, [ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 ] ); |
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147 | }; |
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148 | |
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149 | #this is the example of local link to another mean of transport |
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150 | elisky = "jardovo"; |
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151 | |
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152 | ... |
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153 | |
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154 | # And this link is external link pointing to the file "other_cars.cfg" stored in the |
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155 | # same directory. In that file, it refers to the local Setting "magic_cars.skubankovo". |
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156 | kati = "magic_cars.skubankovo@other_cars.cfg"; |
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157 | |
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158 | ... |
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159 | \endcode |
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160 | |
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161 | When you want to expand a possible linked setting "element" within your code, it has to be treated this way: |
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162 | |
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163 | \code |
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164 | ... |
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165 | |
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166 | const SettingResolver link( element ); |
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167 | |
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168 | ... |
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169 | |
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170 | int len = link.result.getLength(); |
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171 | |
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172 | ... |
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173 | \endcode |
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174 | |
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175 | The whole point is that a resolved link (class member #result, i.e., "link.result" in the previous example) could point |
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176 | into a different configuration file. In that case there has to be an UIFile instance managing reading from this |
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177 | file. As the libconfig::Config deletes all its Settings when dealocated, UIFile must not be dealocated until all |
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178 | the necessary operation on the linked Setting are finished (otherwise, the link #result would be invalid just after |
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179 | the UIFile dealocation). And that is exactly the mechanism implemented within SettingResolver class. It assures, |
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180 | that the #result Setting reference is valid within the scope of SettingResolver instance. |
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181 | |
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182 | \ref ui_page |
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183 | */ |
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184 | class SettingResolver : root { |
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185 | private: |
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186 | //! If necessary, this pointer stores an addres of an opened UIFile, else it equals NULL |
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187 | UIFile *file; |
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188 | |
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189 | //! This method initialize #result reference, i.e., it executes the main code of SettingResolver class |
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190 | //! |
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191 | //! This code could be also located directly in constructor. The only reason why we made this |
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192 | //! method is the keyword 'const' within the declaration of #result reference . Such a reference |
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193 | //! have to be intialized before any other constructor command, exactly in the way it is implemented now. |
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194 | const Setting &initialize_reference ( UIFile* &file, const Setting &potential_link ); |
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195 | |
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196 | public: |
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197 | //! Reference to a resolved link or to the original Setting in the case it does not contain a link |
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198 | const Setting &result; |
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199 | |
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200 | //! If potential_link contains a link to some other setting, it is resolved here. Anyway, the Setting reference #result is prepared for use. |
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201 | SettingResolver ( const Setting &potential_link ); |
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202 | |
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203 | //! An opened UIFile file is closed here if necessary. |
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204 | ~SettingResolver(); |
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205 | }; |
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206 | |
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207 | /*! |
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208 | @brief UI is an abstract class which collects all the auxiliary functions useful to prepare some concrete |
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209 | user-infos. |
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210 | |
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211 | See static methods 'build', 'get' and 'save'. Writing user-infos with these methods is rather simple. The |
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212 | rest of this class is intended for internal purposes only. Its meaning is to allow pointers to its templated |
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213 | descendant ParticularUI<T>. |
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214 | |
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215 | \ref ui_page |
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216 | */ |
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217 | class UI { |
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218 | private: |
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219 | //! Class with state shared across all its instances ("monostate"), encapsulating two maps, one mapping names to UI instances and the other mapping type_infos to class names |
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220 | //! |
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221 | //! The key property of this class is that it initializes the internal maps on global init, |
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222 | //! before the instance is used for a first time. Therefore, we do not have to care about initialization |
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223 | //! during a call of UIREGISTER macro operating with both these mappings. |
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224 | class MappedUI { |
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225 | private: |
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226 | //! Type definition of mapping which transforms class names to the related UI instances |
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227 | typedef map< const string, const UI* const > StringToUIMap; |
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228 | |
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229 | //! Type definition of mapping which transforms RTTI type_infos to the related class names |
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230 | typedef map< const type_info * const, const string > TypeInfoToStringMap; |
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231 | |
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232 | //! Immediately initialized instance of type StringToUIMap |
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233 | static StringToUIMap& mapped_strings(); |
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234 | |
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235 | //! Immediately initialized instance of type TypeInfoToStringMap |
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236 | static TypeInfoToStringMap& mapped_type_infos(); |
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237 | |
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238 | //! Method for reporting a error when an attempt to operate with an unregistered class occures |
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239 | static void unregistered_class_error ( const string &unregistered_class_name ); |
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240 | |
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241 | public: |
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242 | //! Add a pair key-userinfo into the internal map |
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243 | static void add_class ( const string &class_name, const type_info * const class_type_info, const UI* const ui ); |
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244 | |
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245 | //! Search for an userinfo related to the passed class name within the internal map |
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246 | static const UI& retrieve_ui ( const string &class_name ); |
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247 | |
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248 | //! Search for an class name related to the passed type_info within the internal map |
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249 | static const string& retrieve_class_name ( const type_info* const class_type_info ); |
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250 | }; |
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251 | |
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252 | //! Function assertting that the setting element is of the SettingType type |
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253 | static void assert_type ( const Setting &element, Setting::Type type ); |
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254 | |
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255 | //! Method assembling a typeless instance, it is implemented in descendant class ParticularUI<T> |
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256 | virtual root* new_instance() const = 0; |
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257 | |
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258 | //! Method switching from the \a element to its child Setting according the passed \a index, it also does all the necessary error-checking |
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259 | static const Setting& to_child_setting ( const Setting &element, const int index ); |
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260 | |
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261 | //! Method switching from the \a element to its child Setting according the passed \a name, it also does all the necessary error-checking |
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262 | static const Setting& to_child_setting ( const Setting &element, const string &name ); |
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263 | |
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264 | //! This method converts a Setting into a matrix |
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265 | static void from_setting ( mat& matrix, const Setting &element ); |
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266 | //! This method converts a Setting into an integer vector |
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267 | static void from_setting ( ivec &vector, const Setting &element ); |
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268 | //! This method converts a Setting into a string |
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269 | static void from_setting ( string &str, const Setting &element ); |
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270 | //! This method converts a Setting into a real vector |
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271 | static void from_setting ( vec &vector, const Setting &element ); |
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272 | //! This method converts a Setting into a integer scalar |
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273 | static void from_setting ( int &integer, const Setting &element ); |
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274 | //! This method converts a Setting into a real scalar |
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275 | static void from_setting ( double &real, const Setting &element ); |
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276 | //! This method converts a Setting into a class T descendant |
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277 | template<class T> static void from_setting ( T* &instance, const Setting &element ) { |
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278 | const SettingResolver link ( element ); |
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279 | assert_type ( link.result, Setting::TypeGroup ); |
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280 | |
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281 | // we get a value stored in the "class" attribute |
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282 | string class_name; |
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283 | if ( !link.result.lookupValue ( "class", class_name ) ) |
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284 | throw UIException ( "the obligatory \"class\" identifier is missing", link.result ); |
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285 | |
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286 | // then we find a user-info related to this type |
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287 | const UI& related_UI = MappedUI::retrieve_ui ( class_name ); |
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288 | |
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289 | root* typeless_instance = related_UI.new_instance(); |
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290 | |
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291 | instance = dynamic_cast<T*> ( typeless_instance ); |
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292 | if ( !instance ) |
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293 | throw UIException ( "class " + class_name + " is not a descendant of the desired output class. Try to call the UI::build<T> function with a different type parameter.", link.result ); |
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294 | |
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295 | try { |
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296 | instance->from_setting ( link.result ); |
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297 | } catch ( SettingException sttng_xcptn ) { |
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298 | string msg = "the method " + class_name + ".from_setting(Setting&) has thrown a SettingException. Try to correct this method. Check path \"" + sttng_xcptn.getPath() + "\"."; |
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299 | throw UIException(msg, link.result); |
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300 | } |
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301 | } |
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302 | |
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303 | //! This methods converts a Setting into a new templated array of type Array<T> |
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304 | template<class T> static void from_setting ( Array<T> &array_to_load, const Setting &element ) { |
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305 | const SettingResolver link ( element ); |
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306 | |
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307 | assert_type ( link.result, Setting::TypeList ); |
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308 | |
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309 | int len = link.result.getLength(); |
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310 | array_to_load.set_length ( len ); |
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311 | if ( len == 0 ) return; |
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312 | |
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313 | for ( int i = 0; i < len; i++ ) |
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314 | from_setting ( array_to_load ( i ), link.result[i] ); |
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315 | } |
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316 | |
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317 | //! This is dummy version of the from_setting method for other, unsupported types. It just throws an exception. |
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318 | //! |
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319 | //! At the moment, this is the only way how to compile the library without obtaining the compiler error c2665. |
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320 | //! The exception can help to find the place where the template is misused and also to correct it. |
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321 | template<class T> static void from_setting ( T &variable_to_load, const Setting &element ) { |
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322 | throw UIException ( "from_setting is not implemented for this type", element ); |
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323 | } |
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324 | |
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325 | |
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326 | protected: |
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327 | //! Default constructor for internal use only, see \sa ParticularUI<T> |
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328 | UI ( const string& class_name, const type_info * const class_type_info ) { |
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329 | MappedUI::add_class ( class_name, class_type_info, this ); |
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330 | } |
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331 | |
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332 | public: |
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333 | |
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334 | //! Enumerical type used to determine whether the data for concrete Settingis is compulsory or optional |
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335 | enum SettingPresence { optional, compulsory } ; |
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336 | |
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337 | //! \name Initialization of classes |
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338 | //!@{ |
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339 | //! The type T has to be a #bdm::root descendant class |
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340 | |
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341 | //! The new instance of type T* is constructed and initialized with values stored in the Setting element[name] |
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342 | //! |
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343 | //! If there is not any sub-element named #name, the null pointer is returned. |
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344 | template<class T> static T* build ( const Setting &element, const string &name, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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345 | if ( !element.exists ( name ) ) { |
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346 | if ( settingPresence == optional ) |
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347 | return NULL; |
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348 | else |
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349 | throw UIException ( "the compulsory Setting named \"" + name + "\" is missing", element ); |
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350 | } |
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351 | |
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352 | T* instance; |
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353 | from_setting<T> ( instance, to_child_setting ( element, name ) ); |
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354 | return instance; |
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355 | } |
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356 | |
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357 | //! The new instance of type T* is constructed and initialized with values stored in the Setting element[index] |
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358 | //! |
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359 | //! If there is not any sub-element indexed by #index, the null pointer is returned. |
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360 | template<class T> static T* build ( const Setting &element, const int index, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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361 | if ( element.getLength() <= index ) { |
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362 | if ( settingPresence == optional ) |
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363 | return NULL; |
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364 | else { |
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365 | stringstream stream; |
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366 | stream << index; |
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367 | throw UIException ( "the compulsory Setting with the index " + stream.str() + " is missing", element ); |
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368 | } |
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369 | } |
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370 | |
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371 | T* instance; |
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372 | from_setting<T> ( instance, to_child_setting ( element, index ) ); |
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373 | return instance; |
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374 | } |
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375 | |
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376 | //! The new instance of type T* is constructed and initialized with values stored in the Setting element |
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377 | template<class T> static T* build ( const Setting &element ) { |
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378 | T* instance; |
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379 | from_setting<T> ( instance, element ); |
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380 | return instance; |
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381 | |
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382 | } |
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383 | |
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384 | //!@} |
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385 | |
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386 | //! \name Initialization of structures |
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387 | //!@{ |
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388 | //! The type T has to be int, double, string, vec, ivec or mat. |
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389 | |
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390 | //! The existing instance of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element[name] |
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391 | //! If there is not any sub-element named #name, this method returns false. |
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392 | template<class T> static bool get ( T &instance, const Setting &element, const string &name, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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393 | if ( !element.exists ( name ) ) { |
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394 | if ( settingPresence == optional ) |
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395 | return false; |
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396 | else |
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397 | throw UIException ( "the compulsory Setting named \"" + name + "\" is missing", element ); |
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398 | } |
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399 | |
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400 | from_setting ( instance, to_child_setting ( element, name ) ); |
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401 | return true; |
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402 | } |
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403 | |
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404 | //! The existing instance of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element[index] |
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405 | //! If there is not any sub-element indexed by #index, this method returns false. |
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406 | template<class T> static bool get ( T &instance, const Setting &element, const int index, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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407 | if ( element.getLength() <= index ) { |
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408 | if ( settingPresence == optional ) |
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409 | return false; |
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410 | else { |
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411 | stringstream stream; |
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412 | stream << index; |
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413 | throw UIException ( "the compulsory Setting with the index " + stream.str() + " is missing", element ); |
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414 | } |
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415 | } |
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416 | |
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417 | from_setting ( instance, to_child_setting ( element, index ) ); |
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418 | return true; |
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419 | } |
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420 | |
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421 | //! The existing instance of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element directly |
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422 | template<class T> static bool get ( T &instance, const Setting &element ) { |
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423 | from_setting ( instance, element ); |
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424 | return true; |
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425 | } |
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426 | //!@} |
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427 | |
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428 | //! \name Initialization of arrays Array<T> |
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429 | //!@{ |
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430 | //! The type T has to be int, double, string, vec, ivec or mat, or pointer to any root descendant. |
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431 | |
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432 | //! The existing array of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element[name] |
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433 | //! If there is not any sub-element named #name, this method returns false. |
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434 | template<class T> static bool get ( Array<T> &array_to_load, const Setting &element, const string &name, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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435 | if ( !element.exists ( name ) ) |
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436 | return false; |
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437 | |
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438 | from_setting ( array_to_load, to_child_setting ( element, name ) ); |
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439 | return true; |
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440 | } |
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441 | |
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442 | //! The existing array of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element[index] |
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443 | //! If there is not any sub-element indexed by #index, this method returns false. |
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444 | template<class T> static bool get ( Array<T> &array_to_load, const Setting &element, const int index, SettingPresence settingPresence = optional ) { |
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445 | if ( element.getLength() <= index ) |
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446 | return false; |
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447 | |
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448 | from_setting ( array_to_load, to_child_setting ( element, index ) ); |
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449 | return true; |
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450 | } |
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451 | |
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452 | //! The existing array of type T is initialized with values stored in the Setting element |
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453 | template<class T> static bool get ( Array<T> &array_to_load, const Setting &element ) { |
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454 | from_setting ( array_to_load, element ); |
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455 | return true; |
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456 | } |
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457 | //!@} |
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458 | |
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459 | //! \name Serialization of objects and structures into a new Setting |
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460 | //!@{ |
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461 | //! The new child Setting can be accessed either by its name - if some name is passed as a parameter - |
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462 | //! or by its integer index. In that case, the new element is added at the very end of the current list of child Settings. |
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463 | |
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464 | //! A root descendant instance is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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465 | template< class T> static void save ( const T * const instance, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ) { |
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466 | Setting &set = ( name == "" ) ? element.add ( Setting::TypeGroup ) |
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467 | : element.add ( name, Setting::TypeGroup ); |
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468 | |
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469 | const string &class_name = MappedUI::retrieve_class_name ( &typeid ( *instance ) ); |
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470 | |
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471 | // add attribute "class" |
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472 | Setting &type = set.add ( "class", Setting::TypeString ); |
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473 | type = class_name; |
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474 | |
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475 | try { |
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476 | instance->to_setting ( set ); |
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477 | } catch ( SettingException sttng_xcptn ) { |
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478 | string msg = "the method "; |
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479 | msg += class_name; |
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480 | msg += ".to_setting(Setting&) has thrown a SettingException. Try to correct this method."; |
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481 | throw UIException(msg, sttng_xcptn.getPath()); |
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482 | } |
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483 | } |
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484 | |
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485 | //! An Array<T> instance is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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486 | template<class T> static void save ( const Array<T> &array_to_save, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ) { |
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487 | assert_type ( element, Setting::TypeGroup ); |
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488 | Setting &list = ( name == "" ) ? element.add ( Setting::TypeList ) |
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489 | : element.add ( name, Setting::TypeList ); |
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490 | for ( int i = 0; i < array_to_save.length(); i++ ) |
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491 | save ( array_to_save ( i ), list ); |
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492 | } |
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493 | |
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494 | //! A matrix(of type mat) is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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495 | static void save ( const mat &matrix, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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496 | |
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497 | //! An integer vector (of type ivec) is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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498 | static void save ( const ivec &vec, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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499 | |
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500 | //! A double vector (of type vec) is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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501 | static void save ( const vec &vector, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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502 | |
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503 | //! A string is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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504 | static void save ( const string &str, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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505 | |
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506 | //! An integer is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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507 | static void save ( const int &integer, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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508 | |
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509 | //! A double is stored in the new child Setting appended to the passed element |
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510 | static void save ( const double &real, Setting &element, const string &name = "" ); |
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511 | //!@} |
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512 | |
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513 | }; |
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514 | |
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515 | |
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516 | //! The only UI descendant class which is not intended for direct use. It should be accessed within the ::UIREGISTER macro only. |
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517 | //! \ref ui_page |
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518 | template<typename T> class ParticularUI : private UI { |
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519 | private: |
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520 | //! Default constructor, which is intentionally declared as private |
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521 | ParticularUI<T> ( const string &class_name ) : UI ( class_name, &typeid ( T ) ) {}; |
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522 | |
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523 | public: |
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524 | //! The only instance of this class (each type T has its own instance) which is used as a factory for processing related UI |
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525 | static const ParticularUI<T>& factory; |
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526 | |
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527 | //! A method returning a brand new instance of class T, this method is the reason why there have to be a parameterless construcotor in class T |
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528 | root* new_instance() const { |
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529 | return new T(); |
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530 | } |
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531 | }; |
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532 | |
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533 | } |
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534 | |
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535 | /*! |
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536 | \def UIREGISTER(class_name) |
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537 | \brief Macro for registration of class into map of user-infos, registered class is scriptable using UI static methods |
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538 | |
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539 | Argument \a class_name has to be a descendant of root class and also, it has to have parameterless constructor prepared. |
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540 | This macro should be used in header file, immediately after a class declaration. |
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541 | |
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542 | \ref ui_page |
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543 | */ |
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544 | #ifndef BDMLIB |
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545 | #define UIREGISTER(class_name) template<> const ParticularUI<class_name>& ParticularUI<class_name>::factory = ParticularUI<class_name>(#class_name) |
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546 | #else |
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547 | #define UIREGISTER(class_name) |
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548 | #endif |
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549 | |
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550 | #endif // #ifndef USER_INFO_H |
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