root/library/bdm/stat/exp_family.cpp @ 996

#include <math.h>

#include <itpp/base/bessel.h>
#include "exp_family.h"

namespace bdm {

Uniform_RNG UniRNG;
Normal_RNG NorRNG;
Gamma_RNG GamRNG;

using std::cout;

///////////

void BMEF::bayes ( const vec &yt, const vec &cond ) {
        this->bayes_weighted ( yt, cond, 1.0 );
};

void egiw::set_parameters ( int dimx0, ldmat V0, double nu0 ) {
        dimx = dimx0;
        nPsi = V0.rows() - dimx;

        V = V0;
        if ( nu0 < 0 ) {
                nu = 0.1 + nPsi + 2 * dimx + 2; // +2 assures finite expected value of R
                // terms before that are sufficient for finite normalization
        } else {
                nu = nu0;
        }
}

vec egiw::sample() const {
        mat M;
        chmat R;
        sample_mat ( M, R );

        return concat ( cvectorize ( M ), cvectorize ( R.to_mat() ) );
}

mat egiw::sample_mat ( int n ) const {
        // TODO - correct approach - convert to product of norm * Wishart
        mat M;
        ldmat Vz;
        ldmat Lam;
        factorize ( M, Vz, Lam );

        chmat ChLam ( Lam.to_mat() );
        chmat iChLam;
        ChLam.inv ( iChLam );

        eWishartCh Omega; //inverse Wishart, result is R,
        Omega.set_parameters ( iChLam, nu - 2*nPsi - dimx ); // 2*nPsi is there to match numercial simulations - check if analytically correct
        Omega.validate();       

        mat OmChi;
        mat Z ( M.rows(), M.cols() );

        mat Mi;
        mat RChiT;
        mat tmp ( dimension(), n );
        M=M.T();// ugly hack == decide what to do with M.
        for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                OmChi = Omega.sample_mat();
                RChiT = inv ( OmChi );
                Z = randn ( M.rows(), M.cols() );
                Mi = M + RChiT * Z * inv ( Vz._L().T() * diag ( sqrt ( Vz._D() ) ) );

                tmp.set_col ( i, concat ( cvectorize ( Mi ), cvectorize ( RChiT*RChiT.T() ) ) );
        }
        return tmp;
}

void egiw::sample_mat ( mat &Mi, chmat &Ri ) const {

        // TODO - correct approach - convert to product of norm * Wishart
        mat M;
        ldmat Vz;
        ldmat Lam;
        factorize ( M, Vz, Lam );

        chmat Ch;
        Ch.setCh ( Lam._L() *diag ( sqrt ( Lam._D() ) ) );
        chmat iCh;
        Ch.inv ( iCh );

        eWishartCh Omega; //inverse Wishart, result is R,
        Omega.set_parameters ( iCh, nu - 2*nPsi - dimx ); // 2*nPsi is there to match numercial simulations - check if analytically correct
        Omega.validate();

        chmat Omi;
        Omi.setCh ( Omega.sample_mat() );

        if (M._datasize()>0){
                mat Z = randn ( M.rows(), M.cols() );
                Mi = M + Omi._Ch() * Z * inv ( Vz._L() * diag ( sqrt ( Vz._D() ) ) );
        }
        Omi.inv ( Ri );
}

double egiw::evallog_nn ( const vec &val ) const {
        bdm_assert_debug(val.length()==dimx*(nPsi+dimx),"Incorrect cond in egiw::evallog_nn" );
        
        int vend = val.length() - 1;

        if ( dimx == 1 ) { //same as the following, just quicker.
                double r = val ( vend ); //last entry!
                if ( r < 0 ) return -inf;
                vec Psi ( nPsi + dimx );
                Psi ( 0 ) = -1.0;
                Psi.set_subvector ( 1, val ( 0, vend - 1 ) ); // fill the rest

                double Vq = V.qform ( Psi );
                return -0.5* ( nu*log ( r ) + Vq / r );
        } else {
                mat Tmp;
                if (nPsi>0){
                        mat Th = reshape ( val ( 0, nPsi * dimx - 1 ), nPsi, dimx );
                        Tmp = concat_vertical ( -eye ( dimx ), Th );
                } else {
                        Tmp = -eye(dimx);
                }
                fsqmat R ( reshape ( val ( nPsi*dimx, vend ), dimx, dimx ) );
                double ldetR = R.logdet();
                if ( !std::isfinite(ldetR) ) return -inf;
                fsqmat iR ( dimx );
                R.inv ( iR );

                return -0.5* ( nu*ldetR + trace ( iR.to_mat() *Tmp.T() *V.to_mat() *Tmp ) );
        }
}

double egiw::lognc() const {
        const vec& D = V._D();

        double m = nu - nPsi - dimx - 1;
#define log2  0.693147180559945286226763983
#define logpi 1.144729885849400163877476189
#define log2pi 1.83787706640935
#define Inf std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity()

        double nkG = 0.5 * dimx * ( -nPsi * log2pi + sum ( log ( D.mid ( dimx, nPsi ) ) ) );
        // temporary for lgamma in Wishart
        double lg = 0;
        for ( int i = 0; i < dimx; i++ ) {
                lg += lgamma ( 0.5 * ( m - i ) );
        }

        double nkW = 0.5 * ( m * sum ( log ( D ( 0, dimx - 1 ) ) ) ) \
                     - 0.5 * dimx * ( m * log2 + 0.5 * ( dimx - 1 ) * log2pi )  - lg;

//      bdm_assert_debug ( ( ( -nkG - nkW ) > -Inf ) && ( ( -nkG - nkW ) < Inf ), "ARX improper" );
        if ( -nkG - nkW == Inf ) {
                cout << "??" << endl;
        }
        return -nkG - nkW;
}

vec egiw::est_theta() const {
        if ( dimx == 1 ) {
                const mat &L = V._L();
                int end = L.rows() - 1;

                mat iLsub = ltuinv ( L ( dimx, end, dimx, end ) );

                vec L0 = L.get_col ( 0 );

                return iLsub * L0 ( 1, end );
        } else {
                bdm_error ( "ERROR: est_theta() not implemented for dimx>1" );
                return vec();
        }
}

void egiw::factorize ( mat &M, ldmat &Vz, ldmat &Lam ) const {
        const mat &L = V._L();
        const vec &D = V._D();
        int end = L.rows() - 1;

        Lam = ldmat ( L ( 0, dimx - 1, 0, dimx - 1 ), D ( 0, dimx - 1 ) );  //exp val of R

        if (dimx<=end){
                Vz = ldmat ( L ( dimx, end, dimx, end ), D ( dimx, end ) );
                mat iLsub = ltuinv ( Vz._L() );
                // set mean value
                mat Lpsi = L ( dimx, end, 0, dimx - 1 );
                M = iLsub * Lpsi;
        }
/*      if ( 0 ) { // test with Peterka
                mat VF = V.to_mat();
                mat Vf = VF ( 0, dimx - 1, 0, dimx - 1 );
                mat Vzf = VF ( dimx, end, 0, dimx - 1 );
                mat VZ = VF ( dimx, end, dimx, end );

                mat Lam2 = Vf - Vzf.T() * inv ( VZ ) * Vzf;
        }*/
}

ldmat egiw::est_theta_cov() const {
        if ( dimx == 1 ) {
                const mat &L = V._L();
                const vec &D = V._D();
                int end = D.length() - 1;

                mat Lsub = L ( 1, end, 1, end );
//              mat Dsub = diag ( D ( 1, end ) );

                ldmat LD ( inv ( Lsub ).T(), 1.0 / D ( 1, end ) );
                return LD;

        } else {
                bdm_error ( "ERROR: est_theta_cov() not implemented for dimx>1" );
                return ldmat();
        }

}

vec egiw::mean() const {

        if ( dimx == 1 ) {
                const vec &D = V._D();
                int end = D.length() - 1;

                vec m ( dim );
                m.set_subvector ( 0, est_theta() );
                m ( end ) = D ( 0 ) / ( nu - nPsi - 2 * dimx - 2 );
                return m;
        } else {
                mat M;
                mat R;
                mean_mat ( M, R );
                return concat ( cvectorize ( M ), cvectorize ( R ) );
        }

}

vec egiw::variance() const {
        int l = V.rows();
        // cut out rest of lower-right part of V
        // invert it
        ldmat itmp;
        if (dimx<l){
                const ldmat tmp ( V, linspace ( dimx, l - 1 ) );
                tmp.inv ( itmp );
        } 
        // following Wikipedia notation
        // m=nu-nPsi-dimx-1, p=dimx
        double mp1p = nu - nPsi - 2 * dimx; // m-p+1
        double mp1m = mp1p - 2;     // m-p-1
        
        if ( dimx == 1 ) {
                double cove = V._D() ( 0 ) / mp1m ;
                
                vec var ( l );
                var.set_subvector ( 0, diag ( itmp.to_mat() ) *cove );
                var ( l - 1 ) = cove * cove / ( mp1m - 2 );
                return var;
        } else {
                ldmat Vll ( V, linspace ( 0, dimx - 1 ) ); // top-left part of V
                mat Y = Vll.to_mat();
                mat varY ( Y.rows(), Y.cols() );
                
                double denom = ( mp1p - 1 ) * mp1m * mp1m * ( mp1m - 2 );         // (m-p)(m-p-1)^2(m-p-3)
                
                int i, j;
                for ( i = 0; i < Y.rows(); i++ ) {
                        for ( j = 0; j < Y.cols(); j++ ) {
                                varY ( i, j ) = ( mp1p * Y ( i, j ) * Y ( i, j ) + mp1m * Y ( i, i ) * Y ( j, j ) ) / denom;
                        }
                }
                vec mean_dR = diag ( Y ) / mp1m; // corresponds to cove
                vec var_th = diag ( itmp.to_mat() );
                vec var_Th ( mean_dR.length() *var_th.length() );
                // diagonal of diag(mean_dR) \kron diag(var_th)
                for ( int i = 0; i < mean_dR.length(); i++ ) {
                        var_Th.set_subvector ( i*var_th.length(), var_th*mean_dR ( i ) );
                }
                
                return concat ( var_Th, cvectorize ( varY ) );
        }
}

void egiw::mean_mat ( mat &M, mat&R ) const {
        const mat &L = V._L();
        const vec &D = V._D();
        int end = L.rows() - 1;

        ldmat ldR ( L ( 0, dimx - 1, 0, dimx - 1 ), D ( 0, dimx - 1 ) / ( nu - nPsi - 2*dimx - 2 ) ); //exp val of R

        // set mean value
        if (dimx<=end){
                mat iLsub = ltuinv ( L ( dimx, end, dimx, end ) );
                mat Lpsi = L ( dimx, end, 0, dimx - 1 );
                M = iLsub * Lpsi;
        }
        R = ldR.to_mat()  ;
}

void egiw::log_register ( bdm::logger& L, const string& prefix ) {
        epdf::log_register ( L, prefix );
        if ( log_level[logvartheta] ) { 
                int th_dim = dim - dimx*dimx; // dimension - dimension of cov
                L.add_vector( log_level, logvartheta, RV ( th_dim ), prefix ); 
        }
}

void egiw::log_write() const {
        epdf::log_write();
        if ( log_level[logvartheta] ) { 
                mat M;
                ldmat Lam;
                ldmat Vz;
                factorize ( M, Vz, Lam );
                if( log_level[logvartheta] )
                        log_level.store( logvartheta, cvectorize ( est_theta_cov().to_mat() ) );
        }
}

void egiw::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                epdf::from_setting ( set );
                UI::get ( dimx, set, "dimx", UI::compulsory );
                if ( !UI::get ( nu, set, "nu", UI::optional ) ) {
                        nu = -1;
                }
                mat V;
                if ( !UI::get ( V, set, "V", UI::optional ) ) {
                        vec dV;
                        UI::get ( dV, set, "dV", UI::compulsory );
                        set_parameters ( dimx, ldmat ( dV ), nu );

                } else {
                        set_parameters ( dimx, V, nu );
                }
        }

void egiw::to_setting ( Setting& set ) const {
                epdf::to_setting ( set );
                UI::save ( dimx, set, "dimx" );
                UI::save ( V.to_mat(), set, "V" );
                UI::save ( nu, set, "nu" );
        };

void egiw::validate() {
        eEF::validate();
        dim = dimx * ( dimx + nPsi );   
        
            // check sizes, rvs etc.
                // also check if RV are meaningful!!!
                // meaningful =  rv for theta  and rv for r are split!
        }
void multiBM::bayes ( const vec &yt, const vec &cond ) {
        if ( frg < 1.0 ) {
                beta *= frg;
                last_lognc = est.lognc();
        }
        beta += yt;
        if ( evalll ) {
                ll = est.lognc() - last_lognc;
        }
}

double multiBM::logpred ( const vec &yt ) const {
        eDirich pred ( est );
        vec &beta = pred._beta();

        double lll;
        if ( frg < 1.0 ) {
                beta *= frg;
                lll = pred.lognc();
        } else if ( evalll ) {
                lll = last_lognc;
        } else {
                lll = pred.lognc();
        }

        beta += yt;
        return pred.lognc() - lll;
}
void multiBM::flatten ( const BMEF* B ) {
        const multiBM* E = dynamic_cast<const multiBM*> ( B );
        // sum(beta) should be equal to sum(B.beta)
        const vec &Eb = E->beta;//const_cast<multiBM*> ( E )->_beta();
        beta *= ( sum ( Eb ) / sum ( beta ) );
        if ( evalll ) {
                last_lognc = est.lognc();
        }
}

vec egamma::sample() const {
        vec smp ( dim );
        int i;

        for ( i = 0; i < dim; i++ ) {
                if ( beta ( i ) > std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() ) {
                        GamRNG.setup ( alpha ( i ), beta ( i ) );
                } else {
                        GamRNG.setup ( alpha ( i ), std::numeric_limits<double>::epsilon() );
                }
#pragma omp critical
                smp ( i ) = GamRNG();
        }

        return smp;
}


double egamma::evallog ( const vec &val ) const {
        double res = 0.0; //the rest will be added
        int i;

        if ( any ( val <= 0. ) ) return -inf;
        if ( any ( beta <= 0. ) ) return -inf;
        for ( i = 0; i < dim; i++ ) {
                res += ( alpha ( i ) - 1 ) * std::log ( val ( i ) ) - beta ( i ) * val ( i );
        }
        double tmp = res - lognc();;
        bdm_assert_debug ( std::isfinite ( tmp ), "Infinite value" );
        return tmp;
}

double egamma::lognc() const {
        double res = 0.0; //will be added
        int i;

        for ( i = 0; i < dim; i++ ) {
                res += lgamma ( alpha ( i ) ) - alpha ( i ) * std::log ( beta ( i ) ) ;
        }

        return res;
}

void egamma::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                epdf::from_setting ( set ); // reads rv
                UI::get ( alpha, set, "alpha", UI::compulsory );
                UI::get ( beta, set, "beta", UI::compulsory );
        }
        
void egamma::to_setting ( Setting &set ) const
        {                       
                epdf::to_setting( set );
                UI::save( alpha, set, "alpha" );
                UI::save( beta, set, "beta" );
        } 
        
        
void egamma::validate() {
                eEF::validate();
                bdm_assert ( alpha.length() == beta.length(), "parameters do not match" );
                dim = alpha.length();
        }

void mgamma::set_parameters ( double k0, const vec &beta0 ) {
        k = k0;
        iepdf.set_parameters ( k * ones ( beta0.length() ), beta0 );
}


void mgamma::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                pdf::from_setting ( set ); // reads rv and rvc
                vec betatmp; // ugly but necessary
                UI::get ( betatmp, set, "beta", UI::compulsory );
                UI::get ( k, set, "k", UI::compulsory );
                set_parameters ( k, betatmp );
        }

void mgamma::to_setting  (Setting  &set) const {
                pdf::to_setting(set);
                UI::save( _beta, set, "beta");
                UI::save( k, set, "k");

        }

void mgamma::validate() {
                pdf_internal<egamma>::validate();

                dim = _beta.length();
                dimc = _beta.length();
        }

void eEmp::resample ( RESAMPLING_METHOD method ) {
        ivec ind = zeros_i ( n );
        bdm::resample(w,ind,method);
        // copy the internals according to ind
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                if ( ind ( i ) != i ) {
                        samples ( i ) = samples ( ind ( i ) );
                }
                w ( i ) = 1.0 / n;
        }
}

void resample ( const vec &w, ivec &ind, RESAMPLING_METHOD method ) {
        int n = w.length();
        ind = zeros_i ( n );
        ivec N_babies = zeros_i ( n );
        vec cumDist = cumsum ( w );
        vec u ( n );
        int i, j, parent;
        double u0;
        
        switch ( method ) {
                case MULTINOMIAL:
                        u ( n - 1 ) = pow ( UniRNG.sample(), 1.0 / n );
                        
                        for ( i = n - 2; i >= 0; i-- ) {
                                u ( i ) = u ( i + 1 ) * pow ( UniRNG.sample(), 1.0 / ( i + 1 ) );
                        }
                        
                        break;
                        
                case STRATIFIED:
                        
                        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                                u ( i ) = ( i + UniRNG.sample() ) / n;
                        }
                        
                        break;
                        
                case SYSTEMATIC:
                        u0 = UniRNG.sample();
                        
                        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                                u ( i ) = ( i + u0 ) / n;
                        }
                        
                        break;
                        
                default:
                        bdm_error ( "PF::resample(): Unknown resampling method" );
        }
        
        // U is now full
        j = 0;
        
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                while ( u ( i ) > cumDist ( j ) ) j++;
                
                N_babies ( j ) ++;
        }
        // We have assigned new babies for each Particle
        // Now, we fill the resulting index such that:
        // * particles with at least one baby should not move *
        // This assures that reassignment can be done inplace;
        
        // find the first parent;
        parent = 0;
        while ( N_babies ( parent ) == 0 ) parent++;
        
        // Build index
        for ( i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                if ( N_babies ( i ) > 0 ) {
                        ind ( i ) = i;
                        N_babies ( i ) --; //this index was now replicated;
                } else {
                        // test if the parent has been fully replicated
                        // if yes, find the next one
                        while ( ( N_babies ( parent ) == 0 ) || ( N_babies ( parent ) == 1 && parent > i ) ) parent++;
                        
                        // Replicate parent
                        ind ( i ) = parent;
                        
                        N_babies ( parent ) --; //this index was now replicated;
                }
                
        }
}

void eEmp::set_statistics ( const vec &w0, const epdf &epdf0 ) {
        dim = epdf0.dimension();
        w = w0;
        w /= sum ( w0 );//renormalize
        n = w.length();
        samples.set_size ( n );

        for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                samples ( i ) = epdf0.sample();
        }
}

void eEmp::set_samples ( const epdf* epdf0 ) {
        w = 1;
        w /= sum ( w );//renormalize

        for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                samples ( i ) = epdf0->sample();
        }
}

void migamma_ref::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
        migamma::from_setting(set);
        vec ref;
        double k,l;

        UI::get ( ref, set, "ref" , UI::compulsory );
        UI::get( k, set, "k", UI::compulsory );
        UI::get( l, set, "l", UI::compulsory );
        set_parameters ( k, ref, l );
}

void  migamma_ref::to_setting  (Setting  &set) const {
        migamma::to_setting(set);
        UI::save ( pow ( refl, 1/(1.0 - l) ), set, "ref");      
        UI::save(l,set,"l");
        UI::save(k,set,"k");
}

void mlognorm::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
        pdf_internal<elognorm>::from_setting(set);
        vec mu0;
        double k;
        UI::get ( mu0, set, "mu0", UI::compulsory );
        UI::get( k, set, "k", UI::compulsory );
        set_parameters ( mu0.length(), k );
        condition ( mu0 );
}

void mlognorm::to_setting  (Setting  &set) const {
        pdf_internal<elognorm>::to_setting(set);
        UI::save ( exp(mu + sig2), set, "mu0");

        // inversion of sig2 = 0.5 * log ( k * k + 1 );
        double k = sqrt( exp( 2 * sig2 ) - 1  );
        UI::save(k,set,"k");
}


void mlstudent::condition ( const vec &cond ) {
        if ( cond.length() > 0 ) {
                iepdf._mu() = A * cond + mu_const;
        } else {
                iepdf._mu() =  mu_const;
        }
        double zeta;
        //ugly hack!
        if ( ( cond.length() + 1 ) == Lambda.rows() ) {
                zeta = Lambda.invqform ( concat ( cond, vec_1 ( 1.0 ) ) );
        } else {
                zeta = Lambda.invqform ( cond );
        }
        _R = Re;
        _R *= ( 1 + zeta );// / ( nu ); << nu is in Re!!!!!!
}

void eEmp::qbounds ( vec &lb, vec &ub, double perc ) const {
        // lb in inf so than it will be pushed below;
        lb.set_size ( dim );
        ub.set_size ( dim );
        lb = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
        ub = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
        int j;
        for ( int i = 0; i < n; i++ ) {
                for ( j = 0; j < dim; j++ ) {
                        if ( samples ( i ) ( j ) < lb ( j ) ) {
                                lb ( j ) = samples ( i ) ( j );
                        }
                        if ( samples ( i ) ( j ) > ub ( j ) ) {
                                ub ( j ) = samples ( i ) ( j );
                        }
                }
        }
}

void eEmp::to_setting ( Setting &set ) const {
                epdf::to_setting( set );
                UI::save ( samples, set, "samples" );
                UI::save ( w, set, "w" );
        }

void eEmp::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                epdf::from_setting( set );
                
                UI::get( samples, set, "samples", UI::compulsory );
                UI::get ( w, set, "w", UI::compulsory );
        }

void    eEmp::validate (){
          epdf::validate();
          bdm_assert (samples.length()==w.length(),"samples and weigths are of different lengths");
          n = w.length();
          if (n>0)
                pdf::dim = samples ( 0 ).length();
        }
        
        void eDirich::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                epdf::from_setting ( set );
                UI::get ( beta, set, "beta", UI::compulsory );
        }
void eDirich::validate() {
                //check rv
                eEF::validate();
                dim = beta.length();
        }

void eDirich::to_setting ( Setting &set ) const
        {                       
                eEF::to_setting( set );
                UI::save( beta, set, "beta" );
        } 

void euni::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                epdf::from_setting ( set ); // reads rv and rvc

                UI::get ( high, set, "high", UI::compulsory );
                UI::get ( low, set, "low", UI::compulsory );
                set_parameters ( low, high );
                
        }
        
void    euni::to_setting  (Setting  &set) const {
                epdf::to_setting ( set );
                UI::save ( high, set, "high" );
                UI::save ( low, set, "low" );
        }
        
void euni::validate() {
                epdf::validate();
                bdm_assert ( high.length() == low.length(), "Incompatible high and low vectors" );
                dim = high.length();
                bdm_assert ( min ( distance ) > 0.0, "bad support" );
        }

void mgdirac::from_setting(const Setting& set){
                        pdf::from_setting(set);
                        g=UI::build<fnc>(set,"g",UI::compulsory);
                        validate();
                }
void mgdirac::to_setting(Setting &set) const{
                        pdf::to_setting(set);
                        UI::save(g.get(), set, "g");
                }
void mgdirac::validate() {
                        pdf::validate();
                        dim = g->dimension();
                        dimc = g->dimensionc();
                }

void mDirich::from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
                pdf::from_setting ( set ); // reads rv and rvc
                if ( _rv()._dsize() > 0 ) {
                        rvc = _rv().copy_t ( -1 );
                }
                vec beta0;
                if ( !UI::get ( beta0, set, "beta0", UI::optional ) ) {
                        beta0 = ones ( _rv()._dsize() );
                }
                if ( !UI::get ( betac, set, "betac", UI::optional ) ) {
                        betac = 0.1 * ones ( _rv()._dsize() );
                }
                _beta = beta0;

                UI::get ( k, set, "k", UI::compulsory );
        }

void mDirich::to_setting  (Setting  &set) const {
                pdf::to_setting(set);
                UI::save( _beta, set, "beta0");
                UI::save( betac, set, "betac");
                UI::save ( k, set, "k" );
        }


void mDirich::validate() {
                pdf_internal<eDirich>::validate();
                bdm_assert ( _beta.length() == betac.length(), "beta0 and betac are not compatible" );
                if ( _rv()._dsize() > 0 ) {
                        bdm_assert ( ( _rv()._dsize() == dimension() ) , "Size of rv does not match with beta" );
                }
                dimc = _beta.length();
        }

};