/*!
  \file
  \brief Common DataSources.
  \author Vaclav Smidl.

  -----------------------------------
  BDM++ - C++ library for Bayesian Decision Making under Uncertainty

  Using IT++ for numerical operations
  -----------------------------------
*/

#ifndef DATASOURCE_H
#define DATASOURCE_H


#include "../base/bdmbase.h"
#include "../stat/exp_family.h"
#include "../base/user_info.h"

namespace bdm {
/*!
* \brief Memory storage of off-line data column-wise

The data are stored in an internal matrix \c Data . Each column of Data corresponds to one discrete time observation \f$t\f$. Access to this matrix is via indices \c rowid.

The data can be loaded from a file.
*/
class MemDS : public DS {
protected:
	//! internal matrix of data
	mat Data;
	//! active column in the Data matrix
	int time;
	//!  vector of rows that are presented in Dt
	ivec rowid;

public:
	int max_length() {
		return Data.cols();
	}
	void getdata ( vec &dt ) const;
	void getdata ( vec &dt, const ivec &indeces );
	void set_drv ( const RV &drv, const  RV &urv );

	void write ( const vec &ut ) {
		bdm_error ( "MemDS::write is not supported" );
	}

	void write ( const vec &ut, const ivec &indices ) {
		bdm_error ( "MemDS::write is not supported" );
	}

	void step();
	//!Default constructor
	MemDS () {};
	//! Convenience constructor
	MemDS ( mat &Dat, ivec &rowid0 );
	/*! Create object from the following structure
	\code
	{ class = "MemDS";
	   Data = (...);            // Data matrix or data vector
	   --- optional ---
	   drv = {class="RV"; ...} // Identification how rows of the matrix Data will be known to others
	   time = 0;               // Index of the first column to user_info,
	   rowid = [1,2,3...];     // ids of rows to be used
	}
	\endcode

	If the optional fields are not given, they will be filled as follows:
	\code
	rowid= [0, 1, 2, ...number_of_rows_of_Data];
	drv = {names=("ch0", "ch1", "ch2", ..."number_of_rows_of_Data");
	      sizes=( 1    1    1 ...);
		  times=( 0    0    0 ...);
		  };
	time = 0;
	\endcode
	If \c rowid is given, \c drv will be named after indeces in rowids.

	Hence the data provided by method \c getdata() will be full column of matrix Data starting from the first record.
	*/
	void from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
		UI::get ( Data, set, "Data", UI::compulsory );
		if ( !UI::get ( time, set, "time", UI::optional ) ) {
			time = 0;
		}
		if ( !UI::get ( rowid, set, "rowid", UI::optional ) ) {
			rowid = linspace ( 0, Data.rows() - 1 );
		}
		shared_ptr<RV> r = UI::build<RV> ( set, "drv", UI::optional );
		if ( !r ) {
			r = new RV();
			for ( int i = 0; i < rowid.length(); i++ ) {
				r->add ( RV ( "ch" + num2str ( rowid ( i ) ), 1, 0 ) );
			}
		}
		set_drv ( *r, RV() ); //empty urv
		dtsize = r->_dsize();
		ytsize = dtsize;
		utsize = 0;
	}
};
UIREGISTER ( MemDS );

/*!  \brief Simulate data from a static pdf (epdf)

Trivial example of a data source, could be used for tests of some estimation algorithms. For example, simulating data from a mixture model and feeding them to mixture model estimators.
*/

class EpdfDS: public DS {
protected:
	//! internal pointer to epdf from which we samplecond
	shared_ptr<epdf> iepdf;
	//! internal storage of data sample
	vec dt;
public:
	void step() {
		dt = iepdf->sample();
	}
	void getdata ( vec &dt_out ) const {
		dt_out = dt;
	}
	void getdata ( vec &dt_out, const ivec &ids ) {
		dt_out = dt ( ids );
	}
	const RV& _drv() const {
		return iepdf->_rv();
	}

	//! Accepts action variable and schedule it for application.	
	virtual void write ( const vec &ut ) NOT_IMPLEMENTED_VOID;
		
	//! Accepts action variables at specific indeces
	virtual void write ( const vec &ut, const ivec &indeces ) NOT_IMPLEMENTED_VOID;

	/*!
	\code
	class = "EpdfDS";
	epdf = {class="epdf_offspring", ...}// uncondtitional density to sample from
	\endcode

	*/
	void from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
		iepdf = UI::build<epdf> ( set, "epdf", UI::compulsory );
		bdm_assert ( iepdf->isnamed(), "Input epdf must be named, check if RV is given correctly" );
		dt =  zeros ( iepdf->dimension() );
		dtsize = dt.length();
		ytsize = dt.length();
		set_drv ( iepdf->_rv(), RV() );
		utsize = 0;
		validate();
	}
	void validate() {
		dt = iepdf->sample();
	}
};
UIREGISTER ( EpdfDS );

/*!  \brief Simulate data from conditional density
Still having only one density but allowing conditioning on either input or delayed values.
*/
class PdfDS : public DS {
protected:
	//! internal pointer to epdf from which we samplecond
	shared_ptr<pdf> ipdf;
	//! internal storage of data sample
	vec yt;
	//! input vector
	vec ut;
	//! datalink between ut and regressor
	datalink_buffered ut2rgr;
	//! datalink between yt and regressor
	datalink_buffered yt2rgr;
	//! numeric values of regressor
	vec rgr;

public:
	void step();

	void getdata ( vec &dt_out ) const;

	void write ( const vec &ut0 ) {
		ut = ut0;
	}
	void write ( const vec &ut0, const ivec &ind ) {
		set_subvector ( ut, ind, ut0 );
	}


	//! Returns data records at indeces.
	virtual void getdata ( vec &dt, const ivec &indeces ) NOT_IMPLEMENTED_VOID;


	/*!
	\code
	class = "PdfDS";
	pdf = {class="pdf_offspring", ...};  // pdf to simulate
	--- optional ---
	init_rv = {class="RV",names=...};      // define what rv to initialize - typically delayed values!
	init_values = [...];                   // vector of initial values corresponding to init_rv
	\endcode

	If init_rv is not given, init_values are set to zero.
	*/
	void from_setting ( const Setting &set ) {
		ipdf = UI::build<pdf> ( set, "pdf", UI::compulsory );

		Yrv = ipdf->_rv();
		// get unique rvs form rvc
		RV rgrv0 = ipdf->_rvc().remove_time();
		// input is what in not in Yrv
		Urv = rgrv0.subt ( Yrv );
		set_drv ( Yrv, Urv );
		// connect input and output to rvc
		ut2rgr.set_connection ( ipdf->_rvc(), Urv );
		yt2rgr.set_connection ( ipdf->_rvc(), Yrv );

		//set history - if given
		shared_ptr<RV> rv_ini = UI::build<RV> ( set, "init_rv", UI::optional );
		if ( rv_ini ) { // check if
			vec val;
			UI::get ( val, set, "init_values", UI::optional );
			if ( val.length() != rv_ini->_dsize() ) {
				bdm_error ( "init_rv and init_values fields have incompatible sizes" );
			} else {
				ut2rgr.set_history ( *rv_ini, val );
				yt2rgr.set_history ( *rv_ini, val );
			}
		}

		yt = zeros ( ipdf->dimension() );
		rgr = zeros ( ipdf->dimensionc() );
		ut = zeros ( Urv._dsize() );

		ytsize = yt.length();
		utsize = ut.length();
		dtsize = ytsize + utsize;
		validate();
	}
	void validate() {
		//taken from sample() - shift of history is not done here
		ut2rgr.filldown ( ut, rgr );
		yt2rgr.filldown ( yt, rgr );
		yt = ipdf->samplecond ( rgr );
	}
};
UIREGISTER ( PdfDS );

/*! Pseudovirtual class for reading data from files

*/
class FileDS: public MemDS {

public:
	void getdata ( vec &dt ) {
		dt = Data.get_col ( time );
	}

	void getdata ( vec &dt, const ivec &indices ) {
		vec tmp = Data.get_col ( time );
		dt = tmp ( indices );
	}

	//! returns number of data in the file;
	int ndat() {
		return Data.cols();
	}
	//! no sense to log this type
	void log_register ( logger &L, const string &prefix ) {};
	//! no sense to log this type
	void log_write ( ) const {};
};

/*!
* \brief Read Data Matrix from an IT file

The constructor creates an internal matrix \c Data from an IT++ file. The file is binary and can be made using the IT++ library or the Matlab/Octave function itsave. NB: the data are stored columnwise, i.e. each column contains the data for time \f$t\f$!

*/
class ITppFileDS: public FileDS {

public:
	//! Convenience constructor
	ITppFileDS ( const string &fname, const string &varname ) : FileDS() {
		it_file it ( fname );
		it << Name ( varname );
		it >> Data;
		time = 0;
		//rowid and delays are ignored
	};

	ITppFileDS () : FileDS() {
	};

	void from_setting ( const Setting &set );

	// TODO dodelat void to_setting( Setting &set ) const;

};

UIREGISTER ( ITppFileDS );
SHAREDPTR ( ITppFileDS );

/*!
* \brief CSV file data storage
The constructor creates \c Data matrix from the records in a CSV file \c fname. The orientation can be of two types:
1. \c BY_COL which is default - the data are stored in columns; one column per time \f$t\f$, one row per data item.
2. \c BY_ROW if the data are stored the classical CSV style. Then each column stores the values for data item, for ex. \f$[y_{t} y_{t-1} ...]\f$, one row for each discrete time instant.

*/
class CsvFileDS: public FileDS {

public:
	//! Constructor - create DS from a CSV file.
	CsvFileDS ( const string& fname, const string& orientation = "BY_COL" );
};



// ARXDs - DELETED

//! State-space data source simulating two densities
class StateDS : public DS {
protected:
	//!conditional pdf of the state evolution \f$ f(x_t|x_{t-1}) \f$
	shared_ptr<pdf> IM;

	//!conditional pdf of the observations \f$ f(d_t|x_t) \f$
	shared_ptr<pdf> OM;

	//! result storage
	vec dt;
	//! state storage
	vec xt;
	//! input storage
	vec ut;

	//! datalink from ut to IM.rvc
	datalink_part u2imc;
	//! datalink from ut to OM.rvc
	datalink_part u2omc;
public:
	void getdata ( vec &dt0 ) const {
		dt0 = dt;
	}
	void write ( const vec &ut0 ) {
		ut = ut0;
	}

	void getdata ( vec &dt0, const ivec &indices ) {
		dt0 = dt ( indices );
	}

	virtual void step();

	//! set parameters
	void set_parameters ( shared_ptr<pdf> IM0, shared_ptr<pdf> OM0 ) {
		IM = IM0;
		OM = OM0;
	}
	void set_initx ( const vec &x0 ) {
		xt = x0;
	}

	virtual void write ( const vec &ut, const ivec &indeces ) NOT_IMPLEMENTED_VOID;

	/*! UI for stateDS

	The DS is constructed from a structure with fields:
	\code
	class = "stateDS";
	//Internal model
	IM = { type = "pdf-offspring"; };
	//Observation model
	OM = { type = "pdf-offspring"; }
	//initial state
	x0 = [...]; //vector of data
	\endcode
	Both models must have defined \c rv. and \c rvc
	Random variables not found in any rv are considered to be inputs.
	*/
	void from_setting ( const Setting &set );

	// TODO dodelat void to_setting( Setting &set ) const;

	void validate();
};

UIREGISTER ( StateDS );
SHAREDPTR ( StateDS );

}; //namespace

#endif // DS_H
